Nanocellulose, graphene oxide (GO), and their combinations there off have attracted great attention for the application of water purification recently because of their unique adsorption capacity, mechanical characteristics, coordination with transition metal ions, surface charge density, and so on. In the current study, (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxylradical) (TEMPO)-mediated oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNF) and GO sheets or graphene oxide nanocolloid (nanoGO) biohybrids were prepared by vacuum filtration method to obtain self-assembled adsorbents and membranes for water purification. The porous biohybrid structure, studied using advanced microscopy techniques, revealed a unique networking and self-assembling of TOCNF, GO, and nanoGO, driven by the morphology of the GO phase and stabilized by the intermolecular H-bonding between carboxyl groups and hydroxyl groups. The biohybrids exhibited a promising adsorption capacity toward Cu(II) due to TOCNF and formed a unique "arrested state" in water because of ionic cross-linking between adsorbed Cu(II) and the negatively charged TOCNF and GO phase. The mechanical performance of the freestanding biohybrid membranes investigated using PeakForce Quantative NanoMechanics characterization confirmed the enhanced modulus of the hybrid membrane compared to that of the TOCNF membrane. Besides, the TOCNF+nanoGO membrane shows unique hydrolytic stability and recyclability even under several cycles of adsorption and desorption and strong sonication. This study shows that TOCNF and nanoGO hybrids can generate new water-cleaning membranes with synergistic properties because of their high adsorption capacity, flexibility, hydrolytic stability, and mechanical robustness.

In this minireview, we summarize the recent development of liquid-infused slippery surfaces (LISS) for biomedical applications. The selected topics are divided into two parts: the material designs and emerging strategies to fabricate slippery surface, and their applications with strong and direct relevance to biomedical areas including antibiofouling, antithrombosis, medical device coatings and surface enhanced/assisted detection. We also describe the most critical directions in need of development to adapt this new approach to biomedical use.

By printing functional inks on the porous nanocomposites composed of polar and non-polar components, a couple of unique features were demonstrated on the developed multifunctional liquid-infused materials.

Transparent nanoparticle-based liquid marbles with high gas-permeability are prepared to culture tumor spheroids in 3D without the need of supplementary growth factor. The culturing process of spheroids from a population of cancer cells or a single cell in the transparent liquid marbles can be optically recorded continuously. Compared to monolayer cells and spheroids generated in multiwell plate, tumor spheroids cultured in the liquid marbles show enhanced viability under the treatment of chemotherapeutic drugs and small interfering RNA.

Polymeric coatings that show tunable mechanical strength, healing ability of mechanical damage, and proper liquid repellency will be promising in various areas across life and industry. However, the exploitation of such coating materials is largely limited by their molecular design. In this work, polymeric coatings with ion-controlled mechanics and coloration and damage-healing and oil-sliding properties have been demonstrated based on a supramolecular design of dual-cross-linked polysiloxanes. The coating color and mechanical properties can be adjusted by coordinative metal ions with various metal-ligand binding abilities. Dense and dynamic hydrogen bonds and coordination bonds lead to the ready healing ability and high durability of the coating. The extreme smoothness of the flat silicone coating facilitates not only the sliding of impinging oil but also the restoration of topological integrity from mechanical damage. The coating can be selectively patterned and applied to large-scale substrates by diverse coating operations, making it feasible for versatile applications.

Precise and robust manipulation of air bubbles will favor intense demands from governing processes of chemical reactions to enhancing transportation efficiency in multiphase engineering systems. Inspired by the working mechanism of mucous lining in lung alveoli, the elastic liquid-infused material (eLIM) is constructed by infiltrating an interconnected porous elastomer with a low-surface-energy lining liquid. With the help of the lining liquid, the pore pressure of the interconnected channels in eLIM can be reversibly regulated under mechanical stretching, balancing the capillary pressure in the channels with diverse radii and allowing gas flow in these channels. Therefore, air bubbles could be transported in and across the eLIM, showing on-demand control on the bubble contact angle, merging and splitting in an active and precise manner. The robust manipulation strategies on air bubbles can find applications in bioreactors and many other bubble-involved processes.

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At a dose of up to 18 mg/m(2), plm60-s could be well tolerated and potential efficacy could be observed. The pharmacokinetic profile of plm60-s was remarkably altered. Further investigations are in progression.