The first and the second critical micelle concentration (CMC(1) and CMC(2)) for three alkyltrimethylammonium bromide (C(n)TAB)/sodium dodecylsulfonate (AS)/H(2)O mixed systems, and CMC(1) for trimethylene-1,3-bis(dodecyldimethylammonium bromide) (12-3-12)/AS/H(2)O mixed system have been measured. The largest negative β(m) value means the strongest synergism between 12-3-12 and AS. The CMC(1) and CMC(2) for the C(n)TAB/AS/H(2)O mixed systems decrease with the increase of n. The equimolar mixed systems give the smallest CMC(1) values, whereas the CMC(2) values decrease with the increase of the composition of the surfactant with higher surface activity in the C(n)TAB/AS/H(2)O mixed systems. For the C(16)TAB/AS mixed systems far from equimolar, specific counterion effect on lowering CMC(1) enhances according to the Hofmeister series. There is slightly or no salt effect on the CMC(1) of the other wide composition range of C(16)TAB/AS/H(2)O mixed system. The pseudophase separation model coupled with the dissociated Margules model has been proposed and gives satisfactory description of the mixed CMC(1), the calculated micellar compositions are in well accordance with composition information from the ζ potential measurements. The addition of salt into the C(16)TAB/AS/H(2)O mixed system, leads to a certain degree of decrease in CMC(2). In addition to counterion effect, the co-ion effect on CMC(2) of the mixed system was explained using Collins' concept of matching water affinities.
In recent years, tremendous efforts have been made to investigate tribomaterials for triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), but due to their low performance there is still need of tribomaterials with new mechanisms for performance enhancement. Therefore, in this study, the potential of conducting polyaniline and tribonegative graphene oxide is exploited for performance enhancement of tribopositive material through a new mechanism of disturbing the equilibrium state inside the tribopositive material under an impact force. Thus, a TENG device made up of polymer with 700 µL polyaniline and 4 mg mL−1 graphene oxide as tribopositive and polydimethylsiloxane as a tribonegative layer with a dimension of 1 × 2 cm2 is able to produce an open‐circuit voltage of 314.92 V and a current density of 37.81 mA m−2 with a peak power density of 10.43 W m−2, which can directly power ON more than 175 white light‐emitting diodes. Amine group of polyaniline and its pathway to mobilize electrons inside the tribopositive material due to electron accepting ability of graphene oxide upon physical contact under external force are the main contributing factors toward performance enhancement. This work introduces a low cost, easy fabrication process with a new method for performance enhancement of tribopositive material to acquire a high performance TENGs.
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