The aim of this study is to have a solid basis for the effectiveness of the 18F-FDG-PET/CT imaging technique, which has known advantages for patients with head and neck cancers during staging and restaging prior to treatment and to compare this method with the corresponding clinical and radiological methods.A total of 139 patients with squamous cell head and neck carcinoma underwent PET/CT imaging. A total of 146 PET/CT imaging was performed in all patients. PET/CT imaging performed for staging and restaging in 36 and 103 patients, respectively. At least one conventional imaging (CI) as CT and/or MRI was performed for each one of the total patients. PET/CT studies revealed 66 true positive, 72 true negative, 4 false positive and 4 false negative results whereas the same values for CI were 65, 64, 4 and 6, respectively.When all studies were analyzed on the basis of lesion for PET/CT, specificity was 94.7%, and sensitivity being 94.2%, where as corresponding values for conventional imaging methods were found 94.1% and 91.5% respectively. Recurrent lesions have been detected with PET/CT and treatment management was changed in 29 of 139 patients.FDG-PET/CT improves the diagnostic accuracy in head and neck cancer patients.

2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-PET/CT improves the diagnostic accuracy in the differentiation of benign from malignant adrenal lesions in various cancer patients. Combined information obtained from PET/CT (SUVmax, T/L SUV ratio, visual analysis) and unenhanced CT (size, Hounsfield units measurement) is recommended for better differentiation.

Patient-specific optimal protocol for timing of sestamibi injection together with in vivo/Bkg method is a useful alternative method in guiding the surgeon to differentiate parathyroid adenoma from parathyroid hyperplasia and other tissues and may help surgeons' decisions during the operation. Combined use of in vivo/Bkg and ex vivo/Bkg methods may give more accurate results than frozen section.

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Aim:F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT has several advantages in diagnosis of cancer of unknown primary with reported incremental diagnostic value. In this study, we evaluated the patients who were presented with multiple brain metastasis and unknown primary tumor.Materials & methods:31 patients (17 males, 14 females; mean: 56.1 ± 14.22 years old) with diagnosis of brain metastasis according to histopathology and/or MRI were included into this retrospective study.Results:The patients presented with hypermetabolic (n = 17; mean SUVmax: 11.6 ± 6.9) or hypometabolic brain lesions with additional different metastatic sites in 13 patients (mean SUVmax: 9.03 ± 4.02). The primary tumor was determined by FDG PET/CT in 20/26 patients (77%) (lung [n = 6], primary brain [n = 9], renal cell carcinoma [n = 2], skin [n = 1], breast [n = 1] and neuroendocrine tumor [n = 1]).Conclusion:New generation multislice scanners may provide higher detection ratios. The detection rate of FDG PET/CT might be higher than previously reported according to this study.

The shorter time to nadir prostate-specific antigen following androgen deprivation therapy, faster declining slope to nadir prostate-specific antigen and higher estimated decline ratio of baseline prostate-specific antigen are associated with higher risk of disease progression in patients with hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) of the chest wall or Askin's tumor is a rare neoplasm of chest wall. It most often affects children and adolescents and is a very rare tumor in adults. In this case report, we present an Askin's tumor occurred in a 73-year-old male. The patient was admitted with a history of 3-month lower back pain and cough. In computed tomography, there was a lesion with dimensions of 70 × 40 × 65 mm in the superior segment of the lower lobe of the left lung. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography with 18F-flourodeoxyglucose revealed a pleural-based tumor in the left lung with a maximum standardized uptake value of 4.36. No distant or lymph node metastases were present. The patient had gone through surgery, and wedge resection of the superior segment of left lobe and partial resection of the ipsilateral ribs were performed. Pathology report with immunocytochemistry was consistent with PNET and the patient received chemotherapy after that.

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