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The most common cause of pouch failure is fistula, whereas pouch excision is rarely caused by pouchitis. The impaired quality of life of patients in the failure group was caused by impairment of physical function and restrictions in social life.

A prospective, randomized study comparing abdominal rectopexy and sigmoid resection (Group I; n = 15) with polyglycolic acid mesh rectopexy without sigmoidectomy (Group II; n = 15) for complete rectal prolapse was carried out. One patient in Group I died of myocardial infarction, one patient in Group II had a small bowel obstruction and two patients in Group I an asymptomatic stricture of the anastomosis. Otherwise a safe and efficient control of the prolapse was achieved in both groups. Eleven (73%) patients in Group I and 12 (80%) patients in Group II were more or less incontinent before surgery. After correction of prolapse incontinence improved in eight and ten patients in Groups I and II, but became slightly worse in one patient in Group II. A similar rise in anal pressures was measured in both groups after surgery. Constipation disappeared in three and seven patients in Groups I and II six months after surgery, but five additional patients in Group II became severely constipated and colectomy had to be performed in one of them. Surgery caused no significant change in colonic transit times even though increased transit times were measured in each group six months postoperatively. Sigmoid resection in conjunction with rectopexy does not seem to increase operative morbidity but tends to diminish postoperative constipation possibly by causing less outlet obstruction.

The incidence and characteristics of reservoir inflammation after restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis were studied in a series of 179 patients. The median follow up time was 27 months (range 6-80). Pouchitis occurred in 36 patients (20%)

A prospective, randomized study of hand-sutured (group 1, n = 19) and double-stapled (group 2, n = 21) ileoanal anastomosis was carried out in 40 consecutive patients during restorative proctocolectomy to compare complications and functional outcome. Eight patients (42%) in group 1 and 12 (57%) in group 2 had one or more complications. Four patients in group 1 and five in group 2 developed pelvic sepsis. One stapled anastomosis had to be converted to a hand-sutured one because of severe anastomotic stricture. Four patients in group 1 and eight in group 2 had no nighttime evacuations 3 months after surgery and seven patients in group 1 and 11 in group 2 had no nighttime evacuations six months after surgery. Mucous leakage occurred in two vs five patients after 6 months in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The mean resting anal pressure decreased 30% in group 1 and 28% in group 2. In conclusion, double-stapled ileoanal anastomosis does not offer any functional or technical advantage over hand-sutured anastomosis, but it does leave some of the disease behind.

After primary sphincter repair, persistent external anal sphincter defect and symptoms of anal incontinence are common in females who have had a primary sphincter repair after vaginal delivery. The means of improving the results of primary repair should be studied further.

Metabolic consequences after IPAA are associated with pouchitis, grade of villous atrophy, and extent of inflammation in the remaining ileum. Patients with active chronic inflammation need long term follow-up.

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