We assessed the relationship between red blodd cell distribution width (RDW) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients who usually had obvious hemodynamic changes. We enrolled 362 coronary heart disease patients who received CABG. POCD was assessed through neuropsychological examination at 21 days after operation. Demographics, history of diseases, blood biochemical parameters and perioperative data were collected. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to find the best cut-off value of RDW for diagnosis of POCD. Logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between RDW and POCD. The 21-day incidence of POCD in patients receiving CABG was 27.1% (98/362). The RDW of POCD patients was significantly higher than in the non-POCD patients (17.4 vs. 13.2). The sensitivity and specificity of RDW for predicting POCD were 82.7 and 64.8%, respectively. The POCD patients also tended to be older and had higher fasting plasma glucose, hypersensitive c-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, white blood cell levels and longer surgery time. No significant differences were found in other parameters. The 21-day neuropsychological test results were better in the POCD patients than the non-POCD patients. After adjustment of potential factors, the preoperative high RDW was still associated with an increased risk of POCD (odds ratio (OR) = 2.52, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.28–4.31). Our study indicates that preoperative RDW is significantly elevated in POCD patients receiving CABG. The elevated preoperative RDW is associated with an increased risk of POCD and preoperative RDW can be an independent predictor of POCD.
A sensitive fluorescence immunoassay for the detection of imidaclothiz was established by using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as concentration elements and upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as signal labels. The NaYF/Yb,Er UCNPs and MNPs were conjugated with imidaclothiz monoclonal antibody and imidaclothiz antigen, respectively. Imidaclothiz could compete with the antigen-conjugated MNPs for binding to the antibody-conjugated UCNPs and resulted in a decreased fluorescence signal when the MNPs were separated by an external magnet. Under the optimal conditions, the concentration of imidaclothiz producing 50% inhibition of the signal (IC), limit of detection (LOD, IC), and the linear assay range (IC-IC) were 14.59, 0.74, and 0.74-289.30 ng mL, respectively. The immunoassay exhibited no obvious cross-reactivity with analogues of imidaclothiz except for imidacloprid, with 89.2% cross-reactivity. The average recoveries measured in paddy water, pear, soil, peach, rice, tomato, wheat, and pakchoi were 75.7-105.2%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 11.2%. In addition, the results of the immunoassay correlated well with that of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for authentic samples. Graphical abstract Development of an upconversion fluorescence immunoassay for the detection of imidaclothiz by using antibody-modified upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as the detection probe and antigen-modified magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as the capture probe.
Fullerenes have unique biocompatibility and photoelectric properties and are candidate materials for biomedical applications. Several cell membrane proteins in nature such as bacteriorhodopsin also have photoelectric properties. Highly expressible bacteriorhodopsin (HEBR) is a novel light‐sensitive opsin that has the potential to trigger neural activities through optogenetic modulation. Here, HEBR plasmids are delivered to human fibroblasts and the cells are exposed to C60 fullerene self‐assembled 2D nanosheets. Results show that the above approach combined with light stimulation (3 s duration and three times per day) may promote reprogramming and differentiation of human fibroblasts into neural‐like cells in 7 d without any neural induction medium. The special photoelectric properties of fullerenes as culture substrates and transfected HEBR on the cell membrane may provide a new optogenetic platform for regulating the location (C60 nanosheet) and time (frequency of light illumination) for human fibroblasts to become neural‐like cells, and may be applied to improve neural regeneration in the future.
The wide use of pesticides in agriculture is necessary to guarantee adequate food production worldwide. However, pesticide residues have caused global concern because of their potential health risk to consumers. In this study, we could identify β-cypermethrin (β-CY) and its degradation product 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) by liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry. Few studies on the simultaneous determination of β-CY and its metabolites have been carried out so far; hence, we established a high-performance liquid chromatography method to determine the concentrations of both β-CY and 3-PBA simultaneously in microbial degradation systems. In this study, a novel β-CY degrading strain, Bacillus licheniformis B-1, was isolated from a tea garden soil, utilizing β-CY as a growth substrate. Good linear relationships between β-CY and 3-PBA were observed and the concentrations of reference solutions were between 0.50 and 60.00 µg/mL. Satisfactory stability and intra- and interday precision were obtained. The limits of detection were 0.06 and 0.13 µg/mL for β-CY and 3-PBA, respectively, and the corresponding limits of quantification were 0.21 and 0.34 µg/mL, respectively. Spiking recoveries for β-CY varied from 98.38 to 105.80%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) varying from 1.49 to 3.93%. Spiking recoveries for 3-PBA varied from 99.59 to 101.20%, with RSDs varying from 0.58 to 3.64%. The proposed method has advantages of simplicity, rapidity, high accuracy, good separation and reproducibility; thus, it is ideally suitable for simultaneous determination of β-CY and 3-PBA in microbial degradation systems.
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