Purpose -Pipe cooling is an important measure for controlling the temperature in mass concrete. Since the temperature field in mass concrete containing cooling pipes is unsteady and three-dimensional, and there are huge quantities of the cooling pipes in the concrete, the study of efficient and reliable algorithm is crucial. The purpose of this paper is to develop the composite element method (CEM) for the temperature field in mass concrete containing cooling pipes. Design/methodology/approach -Each cooling pipe segment is looked at as a special sub-element having definite thermal characteristics, which is located explicitly within the composite element. By the variational principle, the governing equation for the composite element containing cooling pipes is established. Findings -One of the remarkable advantages of the method proposed is that each cooling pipe can be simulated explicitly while the difficulty of mesh generation around cooling pipes can be avoided. Originality/value -The paper demonstrates how composite elements containing cooling pipes are degenerated to the conventional finite elements automatically when the first stage artificial cooling finished, and conversely, the conventional finite elements can also be transformed to the composite elements automatically when the second stage artificial cooling started. The comparison of the numerical example using FEM and CEM shows the rationality of the proposed method.
In order to cope with global climate change, an electric vehicle (EV) and new energy building are constantly being innovated and improved. With the popularity and application of big data and Internet of Things, the new energy building with available charging piles may also become a charging station, which can solve the problem of difficult charging of EVs and promote the local energy consumption of the building. Therefore, this study proposes a shared charging concept for buildings, that is, shared photovoltaic, charging, and energy storage building (sPCEB). First, based on the analysis results of big data in cities or settlements of people, a locating method of the sPCEB system is introduced, and further proposes an optimal operating strategy that maximizes the combined benefit of the building. The efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed methods are verified by simulation.
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