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Study on the objectivity of pulse diagnosis is inseparable from the instruments to obtain the pulse waves. The single-pulse diagnostic instrument is relatively mature in acquiring and analysing pulse waves, but the pulse information captured by single-pulse diagnostic instrument is limited. The sensor arrays can simulate rich sense of the doctor’s fingers and catch multipoint and multiparameter array signals. How to analyse the acquired array signals is still a major problem in the objective research of pulse diagnosis. The goal of this study was to establish methods for analysing arrayed pulse waves and preliminarily apply them in hypertensive disorders. While a sensor array can be used for the real-time monitoring of twelve pulse wave channels, for each subject in this study, only the pulse wave signals of the left hand at the “guan” location were obtained. We calculated the average pulse wave (APW) per channel over a thirty-second interval. The most representative pulse wave (MRPW) and the APW were matched by their correlation coefficient (CC). The features of the MRPW and the features that corresponded to the array pulse volume (APV) parameters were identified manually. Finally, a clinical trial was conducted to detect these feature performance indicators in patients with hypertensive disorders. The independent-samples t-tests and the Mann–Whitney U-tests were performed to assess the differences in these pulse parameters between the healthy and hypertensive groups. We found that the radial passage (RP) APVh1, APVh3, APVh4, APVh3/h1 (P < 0.01), and APVh4/h1 (P < 0.05) were significantly higher in the hypertensive group than in the healthy group; the intermediate passage (IP) APVh4, APVh3/h1 (P < 0.05), and APVh4/h1 (P < 0.01) and the mean APVh3, APVh3/h1 (P < 0.05), and APVh4/h1 (P < 0.01) were significantly higher in the hypertensive group than in the healthy group, and the ulnar passage (UP) APVh4/h1 (P < 0.05) was clearly elevated in the hypertensive group. These results provide a preliminary validation of this novel approach for determining the APV by arrayed pulse wave analysis. In conclusion, we identified effective indicators of hypertensive vascular function. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) pulses comprise multidimensional information, and a sensor array could provide a better indication of TCM pulse characteristics. In this study, the validation of the arrayed pulse wave analysis demonstrates that the APV can reliably mirror TCM pulse characteristics.

Background: At present, there is no effective analysis method for array pulse wave. But this is very important for promoting the development of pulse diagnosis. Hypertension is a common and easy-to-diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, which is the development foundation of other cardiovascular diseases. Our goal in the study is to establish analysis method for array pulse wave and preliminary application in hypertensive disorders.Methods: In this study, a sensor array can be used for real-time monitoring of pulse wave twelve channels. We calculated the average pulse wave (APW) of per channel within thirty seconds. The most representative pulse wave (MRPV) and the APW matched by correlation coefficient. Feature points of the MRPV were identified by manually. These feature points corresponding to the array pulse volume (APV) parameters were also identified by manually. Finally, clinical trial was executed to detect these feature performance indicators in hypertensive disorders.Results: The raoAPV h1 , raoAPV h3 , raoAPV h4 , raoAPV h3/h1 and raoAPV h4/h of hypertension group significantly increased compared with that of the healthy group ( P <0.01, P <0.05). The zhongAPV h4 , zhongAPV h3/h1 , zhongAPV h4/h1 and meanAPV h3 , meanAPV h3/h1 , meanAPV h4/h1 were significantly increased in hypertension group compared with healthy group ( P <0.05, P <0.01). The chiAPV h4/h1 of hypertension group was obviously elevated ( P <0.05). The results preliminarily validated novelty of APV on array pulse wave analysis. This indicator was effective in reflecting the hypertensive vascular function.Conclusion: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) pulse is a combination of multi-dimensional information. Array sensor could be better reduction of TCM pulse characteristics. In the study, the analysis of array pulse wave was valid, and the APV was reliable to mirror TCM pulse characteristics. Keywords ： Pulse diagnosis; Traditional Chinese medicine; Sensor array; Array pulse volume; Healthy persons; Hypertension persons.

We proposed an approach for estimating the density of salt-pepper noise in images with correlation inspection. The correlation coefficients histogram was introduced in this paper to depict the correlation distributions of images. Based on the fact that the correlation distributions of natural images are nearly independent of individual images, we revealed how the correlation coefficients histogram of the noisy image deviates from that of natural image along with the noise density in qua- ntitative form, thus we took advantage of this relation to make estimation. Simulation results showed that the proposed approach outperforms those of existing methods.

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