Introdução: as investigações com centenários no Brasil são escassas e pontuais, sendo que pouco se sabe sobre o perfil desta população e os fatores que interferem na longevidade. Objetivo: descrever as pesquisas com centenários em Santa Catarina voltado a temática atividade física, estilo de vida e longevidade, de acordo com o protocolo de avaliação e resultados encontrados. Método: o estudo é de cunho descritivo documental relacionado ao Projeto SC100: estudo Multidimensional dos Centenários de Santa Catarina, desenvolvido no Laboratório de Gerontologia (LAGER) do Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Esporte (CEFID) da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC). Resultados: para o projeto SC100 foi elaborado o Protocolo de Avaliação Multidimensional do Idoso Centenário (PAMIC) que ao longo do tempo foi sendo reestruturado, tendo em vista as especificidades desta população. Também foi elaborado o protocolo de avalição do cuidador do idoso, visto a necessidade de compreender a sobrecarga do cuidado. Quanto aos resultados das pesquisas relacionadas ao projeto, foi possível observar que na população centenária, há uma predominância de mulheres, viúvas, escolaridade inferior a sete anos, a caminhada surge como a principal atividade física realizada, caracterizando-as como pouco ativas. Além disso, entre os principais hábitos de lazer estão: assistir TV e dormir. Em relação as atividades de lazer em diferentes fases da vida, há uma tendência natural em se tornarem sedentários, ou seja, iniciam a vida com a prática regular de atividades mais ativas e durante o processo de envelhecimento passam a inatividade. Conclusão: Neste estudo, durante a caracterização dos centenários, foi possível identificar uma tendência de um estivo de vida passivo e da inatividade física, ressaltando a necessidade de intervenções domiciliares com esta população tão longeva. Também protocolos de avaliação podem contribuir para conhecer melhor essa população.
PurposeTo evaluate gait asymmetry during obstacle crossing by young and elderly adults performing normal and dual-task gait.MethodsTen healthy young adults and ten elderly adults with mild cognitive impairment performed a gait protocol by stepping over a foam obstacle during normal gait and while performing a secondary task (Stroop task). Sagittal kinematics of the lead and trail limbs were analyzed. Statistical procedures involved analysis of variance and t tests at a significance of 0.05.ResultsMany of the kinematic variables presented a main effect for group (young adults vs. elderly adults), where the elderly featured poorer gait performance. It was observed that gait velocity during obstacle crossing in normal and dual-task gait was similar between the preferred and non-preferred limbs in both the young and elderly. However, the elderly were slower during normal and dual-task gait. A main effect for the dual-task condition was observed. Kinematic asymmetries for obstacle crossing were more frequent in the elderly and especially during the dual-task condition.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the elderly may require more compensatory adjustments after crossing an obstacle. The asymmetries observed among the elderly may contribute to higher risk of falling during perturbed gait.
Background: Previous studies discussed the repeatability and variability in plantar pressure measurement, but a few considered different age groups. Here we determine within and between-days repeatability and variability of plantar pressure measurement during gait in participants from different age groups. Method: Plantar pressure was recorded in children, young adults and older adults walking at preferred speed in four non-consecutive days within one week. Data from 10 steps from each foot in each day were analyzed considering the different regions of the foot. Mean and peak plantar pressure and data variability were compared between the steps, foot regions and days. Results: To describe mean and peak pressure during gait in children and adults a single measurement can be enough, but elderly will requires more attention especially concerning peak values. Variability in mean pressure did not differ between age groups, but peak pressure variability differed across foot regions and age groups. Conclusion: One single observation can be used to describe plantar pressure during gait in children and adults. When the interest concerns older people, it might be pertinent to consider more than one day of assessment, especially when looking at peak pressure.
Plantar pressure presented a consistent pattern in the elderly. However, the asymmetry indexes observed suggest that the elderly are exposed to repetitive asymmetric loading during locomotion. Such result requires further investigation, especially concerning the role of these asymmetries for development of articular injuries.
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