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Physicochemical properties of eight samples of Mexican honeys from the West region were measured over 23 parameters, including moisture, water activity, soluble solids, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), ash, electrical conductivity, acidity (free, lactonic, and total), sugar content (fructose and glucose), color (L*, a*, b*), and mineral content. In addition, honey samples were classified according to the pollen quantitative analysis. According to the physicochemical parameters studied, the samples showed the values typical of honey. All honey samples were classified as dark according to the values of the L* color parameter. Only two honey samples were classified as monofloral and six as multifloral type. In general, the honey samples presented a good level of quality because they meet the physicochemical specifications of international regulation.

The evaluation of by-products to be added to food products is complex, as the residues must be analyzed to demonstrate their potential use as safe foods, as well as to propose the appropriate process and product for recycling. Since coffee is a very popular beverage worldwide, the coffee industry is responsible for generating large amounts of by-products, which include the coffee silverskin (CS), the only by-product of the roasting process. In this work, its characterization and food safety were evaluated by chemical composition assays, microbiological determinations, aflatoxin measurements and acute toxicity tests. The results showed that CS is safe for use in food, in addition to providing dietary fiber, protein and bioactive compounds. An extruded cereal-based ready-to-eat food product was developed through an extreme vertices mixture design, producing an extruded food product being a source of protein and with a high fiber content. Up to 15% of CS was incorporated in the extruded product. This work contributes to the establishment of routes for the valorization of CS; nevertheless, further research is necessary to demonstrate the sustainability of this food industry by-product.

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