No abstract
Here, we evaluated the clinical aspects and environmental factors for five cases of pneumocystosis in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. Pneumocystosis was associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, male sex, age (until 30 years), and treatment with sulfamethoxazole plus trimethoprim in 100%, 80%, 40%, and 80% cases, respectively. Drier months, higher temperatures, and wind speed were favorable variables for pneumocystosis. Overall, this fungal infection may be related to global warming, resulting in an increased occurrence of cases.
The evidence that the immune system is affected by pesticides is growing and indicates that pesticide exposure has detrimental health effects and can contribute to increased risksfor long-term diseases, including different types of psychiatric disorders, cancers, allergies, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. Motivated by such studies, the present review highlights mechanisms involved in the immunological toxicity of pesticides, as well as the association between pesticide exposure and the predisposition of diseases, caused by perturbation of immune system function. A literature review was performed using the MEDLINE, PubMed, and Scopus databases with publication dates from 1986 to 2016. The following descriptors were used: “immunotoxicity”,“Pesticides”, and“immune system”. Pesticides can affect host resistance and can directly affect lymphoid tissues and/or native cells. Disorders such as immunosuppression, hypersensitivity, autoimmunity, and cancers have been cited to result from changes in the immune system. Although public health concerns regarding pesticide exposures are directed primarily at carcinogenic and neurological mutations, these compounds can cause profound effects on the immune system and may trigger several other processes by disruption of function in other physiological systems.
Cases of human infections related to species of the genus Corynebacterium spp. have increased gradually both in industrialized and developing countries. Species of the genus, often multidrug-resistant, has been cited as a pathogen of nosocomial infections associated with sepsis, endocarditis, infections of surgical wounds, prostheses, and infections related to the central venous catheter. Medicinal plants represent the oldest "weapons" used by humans for the treatment of all types of diseases, that is, the use of plants in the diseases prevention and/or healing is a habit that has always existed in human history. In this sense, this review aimed to research articles about the antibacterial action of medicinal plants against Corynebacterium species. The methodology used was bibliographic survey in the main scientific research databases. Seventy-one species of medicinal plants showed antibacterial activity against the genus Corynebacterium spp., in addition to the product havan samagri, which is composed of a mixture of 54 plant species; among them, eleven plants did not show any inhibitory activity for different species of that genus. Thus, there is a clear relevance in conducting new research in the area due to the possibility of validating popular information and the development of new antimicrobial drugs. Keywords: Medicinal Plants. Antibacterial Activity. Corynebacterium spp. Resumo Casos de infecções humanas relacionadas às espécies do gênero Corynebacterium têm sido relatados, tanto em países industrializados quanto em desenvolvimento. Espécies do gênero, muitas vezes, multirresistentes aos antimicrobianos, são citadas como agentes de quadros como sepse, endocardite, infecções de feridas cirúrgicas, próteses e infecções relacionadas ao cateter venoso central. As plantas medicinais representam as mais antigas “armas” empregadas pelo homem no tratamento de enfermidades de todos os tipos, ou seja, a utilização de plantas na prevenção e/ou na cura de doenças é um hábito que sempre existiu na história da humanidade. Nesse sentido, esta revisão teve como objetivo pesquisar artigos sobre plantas medicinais com atividade antibacteriana contra corinebactérias. A metodologia utilizada foi o levantamento bibliográfico nos principais bancos de dados de pesquisas científicas. Setenta e uma espécies de plantas medicinais, além do produto havan samagri, que é composto por uma mistura de 54 espécies vegetais, demonstraram atividade antibacteriana contra o gênero Corynebacterium. Onze plantas estudadas não apresentaram nenhuma atividade inibitória para diferentes espécies de corinebactérias. Em função da possibilidade de validar as informações populares e o desenvolvimento de novas drogas antimicrobianas fica clara a relevância da realização de novas pesquisas na área. Palavras-chave: Plantas Medicinais. Atividade Antibacteriana. Corynebacterium spp.
Cases of human infections related to species of the genus Corynebacterium spp. have increased gradually both in industrialized and developing countries. Species of the genus, often multidrug-resistant, has been cited as a pathogen of nosocomial infections associated with sepsis, endocarditis, infections of surgical wounds, prostheses, and infections related to the central venous catheter. Medicinal plants represent the oldest "weapons" used by humans for the treatment of all types of diseases, that is, the use of plants in the diseases prevention and/or healing is a habit that has always existed in human history. In this sense, this review aimed to research articles about the antibacterial action of medicinal plants against Corynebacterium species. The methodology used was bibliographic survey in the main scientific research databases. Seventy-one species of medicinal plants showed antibacterial activity against the genus Corynebacterium spp., in addition to the product havan samagri, which is composed of a mixture of 54 plant species; among them, eleven plants did not show any inhibitory activity for different species of that genus. Thus, there is a clear relevance in conducting new research in the area due to the possibility of validating popular information and the development of new antimicrobial drugs. Keywords: Medicinal Plants. Antibacterial Activity. Corynebacterium spp. Resumo Casos de infecções humanas relacionadas às espécies do gênero Corynebacterium têm sido relatados, tanto em países industrializados quanto em desenvolvimento. Espécies do gênero, muitas vezes, multirresistentes aos antimicrobianos, são citadas como agentes de quadros como sepse, endocardite, infecções de feridas cirúrgicas, próteses e infecções relacionadas ao cateter venoso central. As plantas medicinais representam as mais antigas “armas” empregadas pelo homem no tratamento de enfermidades de todos os tipos, ou seja, a utilização de plantas na prevenção e/ou na cura de doenças é um hábito que sempre existiu na história da humanidade. Nesse sentido, esta revisão teve como objetivo pesquisar artigos sobre plantas medicinais com atividade antibacteriana contra corinebactérias. A metodologia utilizada foi o levantamento bibliográfico nos principais bancos de dados de pesquisas científicas. Setenta e uma espécies de plantas medicinais, além do produto havan samagri, que é composto por uma mistura de 54 espécies vegetais, demonstraram atividade antibacteriana contra o gênero Corynebacterium. Onze plantas estudadas não apresentaram nenhuma atividade inibitória para diferentes espécies de corinebactérias. Em função da possibilidade de validar as informações populares e o desenvolvimento de novas drogas antimicrobianas fica clara a relevância da realização de novas pesquisas na área. Palavras-chave: Plantas Medicinais. Atividade Antibacteriana. Corynebacterium spp.
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