Recently, Luffa cylindrica has been drawing lots of attention in adsorption applications. However, the contaminated biomass needs to be properly disposed. Pyrolysis is a process capable of turning this type of residue into valuable product. Luffa cylindrica pyrolysis produces biochar which has been used as adsorbent for various cationic and organic species. Additionally, the use of solar power to heat the reactor reduces the environmental impact of pyrolysis. In this work, a lab scale solar pyrolizer was built in a 40dollar budget. This biomass was previously submitted to slow pyrolysis in an electrical reactor at various temperatures (300, 400, and 500 °C) and heating rates (2, 10, and 20 °C.min -1 ) to access the in uence of these parameters on biochar properties. Further, the Luffa sponge sample was submitted to solar pyrolysis. The characterization methods of TG/DTG, FTIR, SEM, and HHV analysis were employed to access biochar properties. Biochar adsorption performance was accessed by iodine adsorption experiments. Highest HHV (29,3 MJ.kg -1 ) was obtained for the biochar from the 500 °C, 2 °C.min -1 pyrolysis. Maximum iodine adsorption (162,9 mg.g -1 ) was observed on the biochar produced at 400°C, 2 °C.min -1 . Solar biochar had a 24,3 MJ.kg -1 HHV and a Iodine adsorption of 115.2 mg.g -1 . HighlightsA solar pyrolizer was designed and constructed in a 40-dollar budget; Solar pyrolysis was conducted in temperatures up to 417 °C; Pyrolysis of Luffa cylindrica up to 300, 400 and 500 °C at 2, 10 and 20 °C.min -1 ; Luffa pyrolysis was accessed by TG/DTG, FTIR and MEV; Iodine adsorption and HVV were highly in uenced by pyrolysis parameters. Statement Of NoveltyLuffa cylindrica is a natural ber with effective adsorbent properties. After saturation, adsorbents are a solid waste that must be properly regenerated or disposed. Through pyrolysis, luffa cylindrica was processed into biochar with good adsorptive and calori c properties. The pyrolysis of Luffa cylindrica with emphasis on its biochar was studied in detail yet unseen in literature. Luffa cylindrica solar pyrolysis was effective and the construction and the use of a 40-dollar solar reactor is presented..
A necessidade de substituir combustíveis fósseis por biocombustíveis não é um tema recente na comunidade acadêmica. Pesquisadores estudam e desenvolvem combustíveis alternativos há décadas e, com isso, combustíveis como o biodiesel e o etanol de primeira geração se consolidaram no mercado. No entanto, esses biocombustíveis de primeira geração competem com a indústria de alimentos, o que afeta sua oferta e preço. Por outro lado, os combustíveis de segunda geração são produzidos a partir de biomassa lignocelulósica e resíduos orgânicos de atividades urbanas e agroindustriais, não competindo com a indústria de alimentos. No entanto, a maioria desses processos ainda não é economicamente viável. Duas das principais contribuições para essa inviabilidade são o baixo desempenho dos processos (baixa conversão da matéria-prima e baixa seletividade dos produtos de interesse) e o alto custo dos catalisadores, que muitas vezes são feitos de metais nobres de pouca disponibilidade. O Nióbio é um metal com diversas aplicações, mas ainda pouco explorado industrialmente como catalisador, apesar de possuir propriedades interessantes para essa finalidade. Este artigo de revisão compila trabalhos envolvendo o uso do nióbio e seus compostos como catalisador em diversos processos de produção de biocombustíveis, como esterificação, pirólise, liquefação, síntese Fischer-Tropsch, desoxigenação, entre outros. Além da revisão da literatura, este artigo apresenta uma análise crítica a respeito das aplicações de cada processo e tecnologia, bem como das pesquisas desenvolvidas pelos autores.
Most adolescents have a rich in calories and nutrient-deficient diet, mainly due to the intake of fat and sugar added foods. This work evaluated the sugar content of sweetened beverages and frozen desserts along with their contribution to daily sugar consumption. 11 samples of juices and nectars, 22 of liquid chocolate, 19 of chocolate powder and 17 of frozen desserts were analyzed. The contribution of these foods to the recommended daily sugar consumption was calculated based on the adolescent average total energetic intake and the food servings described on the RDC 359/2003 regulation. Juices, nectars and liquid chocolate presented higher sugar concentrations, 459 and 408 kJ, respectively. Powdered chocolate and frozen desserts measured energetic content were 289 and 221 kJ, respectively. The recommended intake of liquid chocolates, juices and nectars are two and three servings, respectively, resulting in contributions of 816 and 1360 kJ, which represents 97% and 162% of the daily reference values. The obtained results can be used to guide future revisions of the RDC 359/2003 regulation as well as the choice of priority foods for sugar reduction.
In order to implement quick and low residues assays, reflectometry methods for nitrate and nitrite quantification in meat products were validated. Measurement uncertainties were estimated and the methods were applied in commercial samples. The established work range for nitrate determination was 0.007 to 0.188 g/100g expressed in NaNO2. Limits of detection and quantification were 0.0042 and 0.0067 g/100g, respectively. Recovery results were between 90 and 115%, and the precision between 4.1 and 12.8%. The method revealed itself selective in the presence of interferers, except for nitrites, what made necessary its previous elimination. The relative expanded uncertainty varied between 5.3 e 14.2%. The method's repeatability was the greatest source of contribution for the uncertainty. The established work range for nitrite determination was 0.0056 to 0.028g/100g expressed in NaNO2. Limits of detection and quantification were 0.0009 and 0.0056 g/100g. Recovery results were between 81 and 85%, and precision between 4.4 and 10.8%. Phosphates (0.5 g/100g) and ascorbic acid (0.01 g/100g) were evaluated as interferes. Expanded relative uncertainty varied between 2.9 and 4.9%. The methods turned out simple, quick and suitable for the analyte's quantification. Applying the methods in commercial samples, satisfactory results according to maximum limits established by the law were obtained.
Recently, Luffa cylindrica has been drawing lots of attention in adsorption applications. However, the contaminated biomass needs to be properly disposed. Pyrolysis is a process capable of turning this type of residue into valuable product. Luffa cylindrica pyrolysis produces biochar which has been used as adsorbent for various cationic and organic species. Additionally, the use of solar power to heat the reactor reduces the environmental impact of pyrolysis. In this work, a lab scale solar pyrolizer was built in a 40-dollar budget. This biomass was previously submitted to slow pyrolysis in an electrical reactor at various temperatures (300, 400, and 500 °C) and heating rates (2, 10, and 20 °C.min-1) to access the influence of these parameters on biochar properties. Further, the Luffa sponge sample was submitted to solar pyrolysis. The characterization methods of TG/DTG, FTIR, SEM, and HHV analysis were employed to access biochar properties. Biochar adsorption performance was accessed by iodine adsorption experiments. Highest HHV (29,3 MJ.kg-1) was obtained for the biochar from the 500 °C, 2 °C.min-1 pyrolysis. Maximum iodine adsorption (162,9 mg.g-1) was observed on the biochar produced at 400°C, 2 °C.min-1. Solar biochar had a 24,3 MJ.kg-1 HHV and a Iodine adsorption of 115.2 mg.g-1.
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