OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the following: 1) the effects of continuous exercise training and interval exercise training on the end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure (PETCO2) response during a graded exercise test in patients with coronary artery disease; and 2) the effects of exercise training modalities on the association between PETCO2 at the ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) and indicators of ventilatory efficiency and cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with coronary artery disease.METHODS:Thirty-seven patients (59.7±1.7 years) with coronary artery disease were randomly divided into two groups: continuous exercise training (n = 20) and interval exercise training (n = 17). All patients performed a graded exercise test with respiratory gas analysis before and after three months of the exercise training program to determine the VAT, respiratory compensation point (RCP) and peak oxygen consumption.RESULTS:After the interventions, both groups exhibited increased cardiorespiratory fitness. Indeed, the continuous exercise and interval exercise training groups demonstrated increases in both ventilatory efficiency and PETCO2 values at VAT, RCP, and peak of exercise. Significant associations were observed in both groups: 1) continuous exercise training (PETCO2VAT and cardiorespiratory fitness r = 0.49; PETCO2VAT and ventilatory efficiency r = -0.80) and 2) interval exercise training (PETCO2VAT and cardiorespiratory fitness r = 0.39; PETCO2VAT and ventilatory efficiency r = -0.45).CONCLUSIONS:Both exercise training modalities showed similar increases in PETCO2 levels during a graded exercise test in patients with coronary artery disease, which may be associated with an improvement in ventilatory efficiency and cardiorespiratory fitness.
Results: Forty three videos with more than 50,000 visits were selected. Those from the U.S. had the highest number of visits (average 719,994). CVS was accomplished in 34.9% of the videos according to the assessment of both observers SCC 0.691 (p = 0.001). Only 4.7% of the videos analyzed by the expert and the student were classified as difficult cases with an agreement frequency of 95.3%. CVS component with the lowest frequency of compliance was dissection of the cystic plate with a rate of 8.3% of videos searched with the term LC and 57.9% with the term CVSLC (p = 0.001). Conclusion: CVS was not achieved by most videos analyzed in this study, despite the majority were easy cases. More effort is needed to disseminate CVS concept.
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