Growth without adequate city planning can lead to potential risk areas for growth and accelerated erosion, which is present in considerable portions of urban areas of the underdeveloped and developing world. The clue to an environmental issue is not a conscious and complete task in territorial planning. In this sense, it is fundamental to apply the potential of land use and occupation, in order to prevent and mitigate the environmental problems of disorderly or inadequate occupation of land. The use of geomorphology as a basis for the analysis of metropolitans is in the stage of the planning of the planning of metropolitan building, by the date of the planning of the cities of the underground process by the county passes, to become a tool of importance fundamental for the establishment of action plans. The work is the first plan to choose environmental guidelines, there is no sense to guide and subsidize the development of plans and directors. For this, we use the Geomorphological Index as a subsidy to the urban occupation planning of areas of occupation in the municipality of Itabirito, Minas Gerais.
O município de Nova Lima, em Minas Gerais, está localizado em área de grandes elevações altimétricas e declives acentuados. O município compõe a franja sul da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte e, sendo fronteira com a capital, tornou-se território de expressivo valor imobiliário. Por outro lado, Nova Lima integra a região do Quadrilátero ferrífero que destaca-se no cenário nacional pela grande riqueza mineral, especialmente ferro, ouro e manganês. O espraiamento e a verticalização urbana encontram-se lado-a-lado com a mineração, e ambos disputam espaço com elementos de interesse ambiental e de paisagem cultural, o que motiva a melhor compreensão do território e a análise diagnóstica e prognóstica das condições de risco geológico. O Índice de Risco Geológico é apresentado no trabalho como um método aplicável por tecnologias de geoprocessamento que tem como objetivo o subsídio para a tomada de decisões sobre a expansão urbana da região, e pode ser indicado como um modelo de análise espacial aplicável a outros estudos de caso no Brasil, como suporte ao planejamento territorial de áreas caracterizadas por relevo e substrato geológico complexo.
Today, in some Brazilian cities, there is the possibility of using high-resolution data and automated classification based on spectral bands. Thus, this article aims to evaluate the association of the NDVI(normalized difference vegetation index) to the use of LiDAR, in order to analyze urban vegetation cover and the changes of the local landscapes. It was observed that the association of the high spatial resolution of an aerophotogrammetric image to the spectral response in the near infrared range allowed the vegetation to be identified. This enabled the documentation, visualization and analysis of a location's phenomenon, facilitating the investigation of spatial relationships through representation by maps, charts, especially for simulating possible spatial scenarios and thus permitting the evaluation of interventions and predictions to be made, assisting projects or proposed laws and urban parameters.
Belo Horizonte currently has several areas of social interest, which present irregular occupation and a lack of infrastructure. This scenario demands methodologies that can quickly respond to the main problems of the many areas, and that also contemplates a participatory planning. In this context, the article presents a Geodesign study conducted by the City Hall with the goal of evaluating the suitability of the methodology as a reference in the process of participatory planning for technicians and the population. It used a pilot area, called Maria Tereza, which is a relatively recent occupation located in the Northeastern region of the municipality.
The availability of high-resolution cartographic data is a trigger for the discussion about the quality of urban ambiance, as a result of comparison between indexes of vegetation cover and built area, aiming at the inclusion of new urban parameters in cities' management and planning. This paper aims not only to provide visualization about location and characterization of the vegetation cover but also to the evaluation of its role according to citizens' perception of their value. Pampulha's region, in Belo Horizonte, was adopted as a case study for its high-quality vegetation cover, which has been threatened by the expressive growth of the built-up area. The area is known been projected by Oscar Niemeyer, using as a value the equilibrium between natural and built landscape, what was recently recognized as cultural heritage by UNESCO. Belo Horizonte municipality has the privilege of having LiDAR data of 2007 and 2015, the last one also with high resolution infrared orthophotos. The methodology consisted in mapping the vegetation patches' projections from orthophotos and in calculating their volumes using LiDAR's points, as well as in calculating the buildings' volume using their footprints and heights also from LiDAR data, and comparing their volumetric indexes per block. As indexes classifcation must have references on local culture, in order to defne the scale of "suitability", a research was done interviewing people from the place, using homogeneous areas as spatial units. As the research deals with quantitative approach (volumetric indexes) and qualitative approach (perception of people from the place), it was also important to use an evaluation according to a technical approach, based on comparison of applied indexes from other zones of Belo Horizonte, to present a wider perspective about standards of the relation between building landscape and vegetation. The result is a contribution to support discussions about urban ambiance, based on volumetric values of vegetation and buildings, to be considered in urban parameters in Master Plans.
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