O município de Nova Lima, em Minas Gerais, está localizado em área de grandes elevações altimétricas e declives acentuados. O município compõe a franja sul da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte e, sendo fronteira com a capital, tornou-se território de expressivo valor imobiliário. Por outro lado, Nova Lima integra a região do Quadrilátero ferrífero que destaca-se no cenário nacional pela grande riqueza mineral, especialmente ferro, ouro e manganês. O espraiamento e a verticalização urbana encontram-se lado-a-lado com a mineração, e ambos disputam espaço com elementos de interesse ambiental e de paisagem cultural, o que motiva a melhor compreensão do território e a análise diagnóstica e prognóstica das condições de risco geológico. O Índice de Risco Geológico é apresentado no trabalho como um método aplicável por tecnologias de geoprocessamento que tem como objetivo o subsídio para a tomada de decisões sobre a expansão urbana da região, e pode ser indicado como um modelo de análise espacial aplicável a outros estudos de caso no Brasil, como suporte ao planejamento territorial de áreas caracterizadas por relevo e substrato geológico complexo.
Growth without adequate city planning can lead to potential risk areas for growth and accelerated erosion, which is present in considerable portions of urban areas of the underdeveloped and developing world. The clue to an environmental issue is not a conscious and complete task in territorial planning. In this sense, it is fundamental to apply the potential of land use and occupation, in order to prevent and mitigate the environmental problems of disorderly or inadequate occupation of land. The use of geomorphology as a basis for the analysis of metropolitans is in the stage of the planning of the planning of metropolitan building, by the date of the planning of the cities of the underground process by the county passes, to become a tool of importance fundamental for the establishment of action plans. The work is the first plan to choose environmental guidelines, there is no sense to guide and subsidize the development of plans and directors. For this, we use the Geomorphological Index as a subsidy to the urban occupation planning of areas of occupation in the municipality of Itabirito, Minas Gerais.
Today, in some Brazilian cities, there is the possibility of using high-resolution data and automated classification based on spectral bands. Thus, this article aims to evaluate the association of the NDVI(normalized difference vegetation index) to the use of LiDAR, in order to analyze urban vegetation cover and the changes of the local landscapes. It was observed that the association of the high spatial resolution of an aerophotogrammetric image to the spectral response in the near infrared range allowed the vegetation to be identified. This enabled the documentation, visualization and analysis of a location's phenomenon, facilitating the investigation of spatial relationships through representation by maps, charts, especially for simulating possible spatial scenarios and thus permitting the evaluation of interventions and predictions to be made, assisting projects or proposed laws and urban parameters.
Belo Horizonte currently has several areas of social interest, which present irregular occupation and a lack of infrastructure. This scenario demands methodologies that can quickly respond to the main problems of the many areas, and that also contemplates a participatory planning. In this context, the article presents a Geodesign study conducted by the City Hall with the goal of evaluating the suitability of the methodology as a reference in the process of participatory planning for technicians and the population. It used a pilot area, called Maria Tereza, which is a relatively recent occupation located in the Northeastern region of the municipality.
The study area was surrounding Córrego do Feijão Mine, located in the city of Brumadinho/MG, Brazil. From this proposal, we present the analysis of the effect of disruption of one of the tailings dams of the Córrego do Feijão Mine, which took place in January 2019, under the responsibility of Vale S.A. The rupture culminated in mud flow. A study and characterization of the area was made, to understand the flow of the waters, and consequently, the mud. In addition, it was possible to obtain information on the land use of the area before and after the break using remote sensing (Sentinel-2A) supervised image classification. Through a spatial and temporal analysis, it was estimated that the mud reached a total of 2.48 km
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, being the class of robust vegetation the most affected by the disaster in numerical terms. The typology of anthropic areas, despite being the smallest area hit by mud, was the one that suffered the greatest impact. The importance of an analysis of the elements that belong in the area of study and how they behave, in order to avoid and mitigate situations of vulnerability is considered very important. Finally, it is emphasized the relevance of a spatial planning studies that considers the integrated planning between the juxtaposition of human activities, social and spatial relations and their various impacts on the landscape.
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