Objetivou-se relatar a importância dos minerais cobre (Cu), molibdênio (Mo) e enxofre (S) na alimentação de ovinos bem como a interação destes minerais no metabolismo ruminal. Os efeitos adversos de aumentar o Mo e S dietéticos sobre a utilização de Cu pelos ruminantes têm sido atribuídos à formação de tiomolibdatos (TMs ou MoS 4 2-) no ambiente ruminal rico em sulfeto. Os efeitos sistêmicos dos TMs envolvem principalmente a inibição do metabolismo do Cu. Além de comprometer a absorção de cobre, outras desordens clínicas são observadas por esse desbalanço mineral, tais como: anormalidades na pigmentação e queratinização da lã e pelo, anemia, anomalias esqueléticas e ataxia enzoótica. Além disso, os ovinos, dentre as espécies de animais domésticos, são mais predispostos a apresentarem tanto o quadro de deficiência como o de intoxicação pelo cobre devido aos limites de necessidade e tolerância serem muito próximos: 3 a 8 ppm e 15 ppm, respectivamente. Dessa forma, a suplementação com sal mineral específico para ovinos bem como o cuidado com as proporções entre os minerais cobre, molibdênio e enxofre é de primordial importância na alimentação desses animais minimizar perdas produtivas e, principalmente, evitar distúrbios metabólicos e graves intoxicações.Palavras-chave: Intoxicação. Ganho de peso. Metabolismo. Minerais. Nutrição. Tiomolibdato THE IMPORTANCE OF COPPER, MOLYBDENUM AND SULPHUR IN SHEEP FEEDING SUMMARY:The objective was to report the importance of minerals copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo) and sulfur (S) in sheep feed as well as the interaction of these minerals in ruminal metabolism. The adverse effects of increasing dietary Mo and S on the use of Cu by ruminants have been attributed to the formation of thiomolybdates (TMs or MoS 4 2-) in rumen rich in sulfide. The systemic effects of TMs mainly involve inhibition of Cu metabolism. In addition to compromising copper absorption, other clinical disorders are observed due to this mineral imbalance, such as: abnormalities in wool and hair pigmentation and keratinization, anemia, skeletal anomalies and enzootic ataxia. In addition, sheep, among domestic animal species, are more likely to present both deficiency and copper intoxication because the need and tolerance limits are very close: 3 to 8 ppm and 15 ppm, respectively. Thus, supplementation with specific mineral salt for sheep as well as the care of the proportions between minerals copper, molybdenum and sulfur is of primary importance in feeding these animals to minimize losses and, mainly, to avoid metabolic disorders and severe intoxications.
RESUMO:Realizou-se com essa revisão descrever o metabolismo de cálcio e fósforo em ovinos assim como discutir os fatores inerentes a absorção desses minerais. A importância desse estudo se deve ao aumento crescente das necessidades desses minerais na dieta devido ao melhoramento genético dos animais, à reprodução de animais jovens, às deficiências de fósforo, a crescente incidência de partos duplos, ao aumento do uso de dietas com alta densidade energética e à incidência de hipocalcemia recorrente no rebanho ovino nacional. A taxa de absorção de cálcio a partir do intestino aumenta de forma constante durante toda a gestação, entretanto é insuficiente para atender aos requisitos da ovelha no final da gestação e início de lactação. Pesquisas relacionadas ao aproveitamento de P por ruminantes bem como as fontes dietéticas desse elemento ainda devem ser elaboradas devido ao elevado custo desse mineral na mistura mineral.Palavras-chave: Absorção. Cordeiro. Exigência mineral. Ovelha METABOLISM CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS IN SHEEP SUMMARYWe conducted with this review describe the calcium and phosphorus metabolism in sheep as well as discuss the factors inherent absorption of these minerals. The importance of this study is due to the increasing needs of these minerals in the diet due to the breeding of animals for breeding young animals, the phosphorus deficiencies, the increasing incidence of twin births, the increased use of diets with high energy density and the incidence of recurrent hypocalcaemia in the national sheep flock. Calcium absorption rate from the intestine increases steadily throughout pregnancy, however is insufficient to meet the requirements of the ewe in late pregnancy and early lactation. Research related to the use of P by ruminants, and dietary sources of this element must still be developed due to the high cost of this mineral in the mineral mixture.Keywords: Absorption. Lamb. Mineral. Requirement. Sheep INTRODUÇÃOO cálcio (Ca) pode ser considerado o mineral mais importante na produção animal, pois desempenha inúmeras funções básicas no organismo relacionadas à integridade do esqueleto, à manutenção da permeabilidade normal das células, à coagulação do sangue e à regulação da
The goat's milk is an excellent choice to replace cow’s milk for children and adults, who are allergic to cow’s milk. Both the proteins and the fat portion of goat’s milk are absorbed by the body faster than cow's milk. Visually it is not possible to differentiate cow’s milk from goat’s milk, which can be differentiated through odor and taste which generates some concern to consumers. The objective of this study were to evaluate the acceptability of goat’s milk, compared to cow’s milk by children and young adults between 06 and 21 years old, in public network of schools Bambuí–MG, living in different socioeconomic levels, in order to verify if there is difference, in acceptance, between these two types of milk and study if the age and socioeconomic status could influence the results. Samples were prepared with chocolate powder and subjected to sensory evaluation by a group of 330 students, who are milk consumers. The samples were evaluated for preference through the hedonic scale of 5 points, asking about the score of the consumers and the preference of each type of milk. The test was conducted in two public schools. the data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test for comparison of means. Although goat's milk has some compositional characteristics and different physicochemical properties of cow's milk, there was no difference between them, due to acceptability between students of the public high school and elementary school network. The mixture 50% goat milk + 50% cow's milk generated greater rejection of the sampled population, a fact justified by the formation of small clots when mixing the different types of milks. Conventional cow's milk can be replaced by goat's milk in school meals, regardless of the age group and socioeconomic status of students.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a homeopathic anthelmintic drug in Santa Inês sheep naturally infected by gastrointestinal parasites. We used 15 Santa Inês lambs, weaned, males, neutered, aged between 50 and 60 days, weighing between 20 and 30 kg, randomly distributed in a completely randomized design with 3 experimental treatments and 5 replicates each, control treatment, where the animals did not receive medication; homeopathic treatment; and oral allopathic treatment for 90 days. The number of nematode eggs in faeces (OPG), dry matter consumption, weight gain, feed conversion, hot carcass yield, cold carcass yield, cooling loss, hot carcass weight and cold carcass weight were evaluated. The treatment of sheep for three months with different anti-helminthics did not present a statistically significant difference (p>0.05) in relation to OPG of the treated groups. There was no effect (p>0.05) on variables, feed conversion, hot carcass yield, cold carcass yield, cooling loss, cold carcass weight and hot carcass weight. It was found that the treatment using the homeopathic product obtained a higher consumption of dry matter, resulting in greater daily weight gain. The application of the homeopathic medicine used in the present study is feasible in the production of Santa Inês sheep because it presents results similar to allopathic treatment and does not impair the performance of the animal.
Realizou-se com essa revisão descrever o metabolismo de cálcio e fósforo em ovinos assim como discutir os fatores inerentes a absorção desses minerais. A importância desse estudo se deve ao aumento crescente das necessidades desses minerais na dieta devido ao melhoramento genético dos animais, à reprodução de animais jovens, às deficiências de fósforo, a crescente incidência de partos duplos, ao aumento do uso de dietas com alta densidade energética e à incidência de hipocalcemia recorrente no rebanho ovino nacional. A taxa de absorção de cálcio a partir do intestino aumenta de forma constante durante toda a gestação, entretanto é insuficiente para atender aos requisitos da ovelha no final da gestação e início de lactação. Pesquisas relacionadas ao aproveitamento de P por ruminantes bem como as fontes dietéticas desse elemento ainda devem ser elaboradas devido ao elevado custo desse mineral na mistura mineral.
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