The article concerns the responsibility of financial institutions, primarily banks, for sustainable development and pro-ecological activities. The aim of the presented study is to identify the scope of activities of financial institutions in the field of sustainable development. What roles could banks have in contributing to sustainable development by offering socially responsible financial products? The authors conducted both quantitative research on a random group of Polish managers and a Delphi study on a group of several dozen experts, former members of the government, and bank presidents. The main results of the research indicate a 78% support among Polish managers for the activities of enterprises in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. More than 60% of the experts surveyed said that offering socially responsible financial products by banks is a growing trend in the economy. Moreover, two-thirds of the study’s participants think that such products are to be characterized by lower fees and margins than other standard financial products. Examples of the most frequently mentioned and expected products include those related to the development of green energy and eco-innovations or waste disposal. The results of the conducted research clearly indicate the need for financial institutions or banks to offer socially responsible financial products, which should become a part of their development strategies.

Economics sharing is one of the most amazing and provoking phenomena with which we face in the modern economy. The purpose of this article is to show the specificity of sharing economy and its international outreach. The phenomenon of sharing economy is a phenomenon of recent years in developed countries; being a social response to the crisis, the debt trap, high profits of big corporations, environmental destruction and waste of raw materials and products. Development of the sharing economy indicates that started a new period of market education and economic rationality in consumer behavior. National governments will have to take a stand on the issue of regulation and taxation of transactions in the new market segment, which is the sharing economy. the article makes an important issue which is the future and opportunities faced by the sharing economy. The authors conduct synthetic quantitative analysis of this phenomenon, not forgetting the presentation of critical comments.

The recent economic crisis has shown that even very large companies, such as giant-sized business and seemingly unimaginable total assets, may fall. The authors put the research objective, which was to examine the characteristics of management in large financial companies and banks, according to the criteria adopted in the theory of praxeology and to identify the main risks and dysfunction, as well as risk mitigation instruments in this field. It is significant that the escalation of threats arising from the existence of systemic risk is a feature of modern financial markets. This paper examined in detail the theoretical aspects of large companies and the risk of financial market activity.

This article is about system support for small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) in Poland. According to the authors running this type of business still faces a number of barriers, not only administrative and legal, but also in mentality. The authors present in-depth statistical research of the SME sector in Poland, presenting among other things, the revenues, contribution to GDP, and the demographics of bankruptcy of companies in this sector. These data helped to show how great the importance of the SME sector in Poland is. The key research question was to identify the main barriers to systemic and behavioural affecting the operation of SMEs. The authors also critical evaluation of the Second chance program implemented in the European Union, and is primarily concerned with making the business a second time after the bankruptcy of the previous activities of the company and the processes of recovery and restructuring of companies in crisis.

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The paper contains an analysis of enterprise financing through mezzanine capital. It is a unique source of relatively capital, especially in the context of finding a company in crisis, and the lack of acquisition of other capital from all available sources of external financing. Crucial from the point of view of the authors of the article seems to be correct to define and theoretical mezzanine capital, because it directs not only the use but also the assessment of efficiency. In addition, synthetically it presents quantitative data on the practical application of mezzanine capital. It shows the main advantages and disadvantages of using this type of financing business activity, not forgetting, however, that this issue requires a very thorough and intensive research is in practice.

This article applies to the proposed introduction of a special bank tax, which is currently under discussion in both Europe and the USA. The paper observes the possible models of such a bank tax. It describes several types of bank tax, which has already been introduced in some countries; discusses whether this is actually an anti-crisis instrument, and characterized the key works that take place over such a tax in the European Union.

Model systemu ochrony instytucjonalnej (IPS) w polskich bankach spółdzielczych