The applications of nanomaterial‐based enzyme‐mimics (Enz‐Ms) in biocatalytically therapeutic and diagnostic fields have attracted extensive attention. The regulation of the biocatalytic performances and biofunctionalities of Enz‐Ms are essential research objectives, including the rational design and synthesis of Enz‐Ms with desired biofunctional molecules and nanostructures, especially at the level of molecules and even single atoms. Here, this timely progress report provides pivotal advances and comments on recent researches on engineering biofunctional Enz‐Ms (BF/Enz‐Ms), particularly chemical synthesis, functionalization strategies, and integration of diverse enzyme‐mimetic catalytic activities of BF/Enz‐Ms. First, the definitions and catalogs of BF/Enz‐Ms are briefly introduced. Then, detailed comments and discussions are provided on the fabrication protocols, biocatalytic properties, and therapeutic/diagnostic applications of engineered BF/Enz‐Ms via hydrogels, nanogels, metal–organic frameworks, metal–polyphenol networks, covalent–organic frameworks, functional cell membranes, bioactive molecules and polymers, and composites. Finally, the future perspectives and challenges on BF/Enz‐Ms are outlined and thoroughly discussed. It is believed that this progress report will give a chemical and material overview on the state‐of‐the‐art designing principles of BF/Enz‐Ms, thus further promoting their future developments and prosperities for a wide range of applications.
The nerve tissue
consists of aligned
fibrous nerve bundles, in which neurons communicate and transmit information
through electrical signals. Hence, biocompatibility, oriented fibrous
structure, and electrical conductivity are key factors for the biomimetic
design of nerve scaffolds. Herein, we built a technical platform to
combine electrospinning and electrospraying for preparing a biomimetic
scaffold with conductivity and aligned fibrous structure. The highly
aligned polycaprolactone (PCL) microfibrous scaffolds with co-sprayed
collagen and conductive polypyrrole nanoparticles (PPy NPs) showed
good bioactivity, supplying a platform for exploring the effects of
topographical guidance, fiber conductivity, and its mediated external
electrical signals on neurogenesis. The results revealed that collagen-coated
highly aligned PCL microfibrous scaffold induced PC12 cells oriented
and elongated along the direction of fibers. In addition, the improved
conductivity of PPy-coated aligned fibers and its mediated external
electrical stimulation collectively contributed to the functional
expression, including elongation, gene expression, and protein expression,
of PC12 cells. We further demonstrated the potential mechanism where
the fiber conductivity and its mediated external electrical signals
resulted in the upregulation of voltage-gated calcium channel, leading
to the influx of Ca2+, thereby activating intracellular
signaling cascades, ultimately enhancing neurogenesis. This approach
provides a strategy to design aligned fibrillary scaffolds with bioactive
adhesion domains and electroconductivity for neural regeneration.
Abstract. The approaches for the implementation of an additive technology for obtaining heat accumulators are considered. The implementation of the provided technology can be realized on the standard 3D printers, which are aimed to obtain plastic materials. However, the software of the printers has to include adjusting analytical expressions, which take into account thermophysical properties of the heat-retaining materials. The analytical expressions have been derived by solving a mathematical model. The mathematical model contains the main data on thermophysical and mechanical and physical properties of the nanomodified material. These properties of the nanomodified material are defined during the experimental studies.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.