Control of oral lesions contributes directly to the health, survival and welfare of captive animals. In order to investigate the occurrence of oral diseases in neotropical wild carnivores kept at the zoo at the Federal University of Mato Grosso -Cuiabá, we evaluated 31 oral cavities from three families of carnivores (Felidae, Canidae and Procyonidae) between July 2012 and June 2013. Twelve coatis (Nasua nasua), three raccoons (Procyon cancrivorus), two maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus), six crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), one hoary fox (Pseudalopex vetulus), three ocelots (Leopardus pardalis), one cougar (Puma concolor) and three wild cats (Puma yagouaroundi, Leopardus wiedii and Leopardus colocolo) were reviewed. The most frequent lesions were dental absences 21/31 (67.7%), dental fractures 20/31 (64.5%) and tooth wear 19/31 (61.3%), which were suggestive of trauma caused from stress. Of lesser importance, we also observed occurrence of dental calculus grade I in 18/31 (58%), caries 1/31 (3.2%), foreign bodies 2/31 (6.4%), orofacial fistulas 1/31 (3.2%), hyperplasia in the oral mucosa 1/31 (3.2%), dental dimming 3/31 (9.7%) and chafing of the soft tissue 5/31 (16.1%). Therefore, it was concluded that environmental enrichment strategies and oral routine evaluation must be implemented to ensure the welfare of these animals, reducing local and systemic adverse effects of oral lesions. The diet has been successful in preventing periodontal disease, suggesting that this diet for the captive animals in the institution should be maintained.

Background: Parrots frequently require veterinary medical care. To reduce their stress, it is necessary to use chemical restraint or anesthesia. The use of balanced anesthesia techniques such as combinations of inhaled and injectable drugs is recommended. However, there is a shortage of anesthetic and analgesic protocols and data on cardiovascular and respiratory variables in wild birds. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the analgesic, cardiovascular, and respiratory effects and the quality of anesthetic recovery in blue-front parrots (Amazona aestiva) anesthetized with sevoflurane in combination with various doses of butorphanol.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty-four clinically healthy animals, based on their clinical and hematological results (hematocrit and total plasma protein), were divided into 3 groups: 1- sevofluoran alone (GS); 2- associated with butorphanol at 3 mg/kg (GB3), and 3- 6 mg/kg (GB6) doses administered via the intramuscular (IM) route; digital clamping was used as a nociceptive stimulus. Induction and anesthetic maintenance were performed with sevoflurane at 5 and 2.5 V%, respectively, administered through a calibrated vaporizer and an anesthetic system adequate for the weight of the animals that were kept under spontaneous ventilation. It took 15 min after induction for the expired sevoflurane concentration (EtSevo) to stabilize, after which one intramuscular treatment was applied. The digital clamping was continued as a supramaximal nociceptive stimulus; if it presented a positive response, EtSevo increased by 10%, and when the stimulus decreased by 20%, digital clamping was repeated every 15 min until a positive response to the stimulus was observed. Heart rate (HR) and rhythm, respiratory rate (f), systolic blood pressure (SBP), EtSevo, expired CO2 (EtCO2), and body temperature (T°C) were measured during digital clamping. At the end, anesthetic recovery was evaluated through the extubation times, bipedal positioning, and quality of recovery. Significant statistical differences were observed between the GS and GB6 groups in the variable EtSevo and SBP, with mean ± standard deviation of 2.61 ± 0.48 and 2.17 ± 0.43 V%, and 188 ± 20 and 159 ± 22 mmHg, respectively. The quality of recovery was optimal for all groups, with the mean time ± standard deviation of extubation time of 1.25 ± 0.46, 1.12 ± 0.35, and 1.50 ± 0.92 min, and bipedal positioning of 1.87 ± 1.45, 1.75 ± 0.88, and 2.75 ± 1.28 min for the GS, GB3, and GB6 groups, respectively.Discussion: Balanced anesthesia techniques have demonstrated benefits in veterinary medicine as they reduce cardiovascular and respiratory depression, increase drug potency due to synergism, and require a reduced amount of inhalable anesthetic. The results of this study showed that the combination of sevoflurane and butorphanol at the doses used in the present study reduced the anesthetic concentration necessary for the maintenance of the animals without nociceptive stimulation, respiratory stability, and rapid and quiet anesthetic recovery; it also maintained blood pressure and heart rate within the normal physiological limits. Severe heart rhythm disorders were observed in groups GB3 and GB6, but it is worth mentioning that at the end of anesthesia all animals sinus rhythm. However, the electrocardiographic findings showed that this practice was not considered safe for the species.

ResumoA osteoartrite (OA) é a doença articular mais comum em humanos e animais, o que ocasiona restrição de movimentos e dor, na região acometida. Tal enfermidade afeta mais de 25% dos humanos acima de 60 anos e, aos 70 anos, ela é considerada universal. Estima-se que nos Estados Unidos da América, 20% ou mais da população canina é acometida pela OA. O presente estudo tem como finalidade avaliar a terapia medicamentosa (polisulfato de pentosano, betametasona e sulfato de condroitina/glucosamina), em um modelo experimental de OA cirurgicamente induzido, em ratos. A doença articular foi promovida pela transecção cirúrgica do ligamento cruzado cranial, sendo que, após o procedimento cirúrgico, os animais foram mantidos e tratados por oito semanas. Foi realizada avaliação radiográfica e tomográfica antes e oito semanas após a indução da osteoartrite. Todos os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia para análise macroscópica e microscópica, que foram realizadas para avaliar a progressão da enfermidade e a ação terapêutica. Na análise macroscópica foi observadas lesões nos joelhos submetidos à indução OA. Os animais não tratados apresentaram lesões graves enquanto que, os animais tratados apresentaram lesões leves a moderadas. Concluiu-se que o polissulfato de pentosano é eficiente no tratamento de lesões articulares iatrogênicas de ratos, uma vez que outros tratamentos não mostraram qualquer diferença significativa. Palavras-chave: Osteoartrite, joelho, rato, polisulfato de pentosano, sulfato de condroitina, sulfato de glucosamina, betametasona AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease in both humans and animals, and it results in movement restriction and pain at the affected area. This disorder affects more than 25% of people over 60 years of age, and it is considered universal for 70-year-old people. OA is estimated to affect over 20% of the canine population from the United States of America. The present study aimed to evaluate 1 M.e. em Ciências Veterinárias,

ResumoA osteoartrite (OA) é a doença articular mais comum em humanos e animais, o que ocasiona restrição de movimentos e dor, na região acometida. Tal enfermidade afeta mais de 25% dos humanos acima de 60 anos e, aos 70 anos, ela é considerada universal. Estima-se que nos Estados Unidos da América, 20% ou mais da população canina é acometida pela OA. O presente estudo tem como finalidade avaliar a terapia medicamentosa (polisulfato de pentosano, betametasona e sulfato de condroitina/glucosamina), em um modelo experimental de OA cirurgicamente induzido, em ratos. A doença articular foi promovida pela transecção cirúrgica do ligamento cruzado cranial, sendo que, após o procedimento cirúrgico, os animais foram mantidos e tratados por oito semanas. Foi realizada avaliação radiográfica e tomográfica antes e oito semanas após a indução da osteoartrite. Todos os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia para análise macroscópica e microscópica, que foram realizadas para avaliar a progressão da enfermidade e a ação terapêutica. Na análise macroscópica foi observadas lesões nos joelhos submetidos à indução OA. Os animais não tratados apresentaram lesões graves enquanto que, os animais tratados apresentaram lesões leves a moderadas. Concluiu-se que o polissulfato de pentosano é eficiente no tratamento de lesões articulares iatrogênicas de ratos, uma vez que outros tratamentos não mostraram qualquer diferença significativa. Palavras-chave: Osteoartrite, joelho, rato, polisulfato de pentosano, sulfato de condroitina, sulfato de glucosamina, betametasona AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease in both humans and animals, and it results in movement restriction and pain at the affected area. This disorder affects more than 25% of people over 60 years of age, and it is considered universal for 70-year-old people. OA is estimated to affect over 20% of the canine population from the United States of America. The present study aimed to evaluate 1 M.e. em Ciências Veterinárias,