Rapid prototyping (RP) is an innovative technology that allows one to obtain a prototype of a mold quickly and accurately from a virtual model. This study aimed to establish the use of photogrammetry and 3D prototyping for the production of bone biomodels of the canine species for training in orthopedic techniques in veterinary medicine. Virtual bio-modelling was performed by the photogrammetry technique with commercial anatomical pieces, and physical biomodelling was performed by 3D printing. Osteotomies were performed on the biomodels that served as platforms for osteosynthesis of the femur and ileum, and the final product was not associated with a risk of biological contamination, was able to support special orthopedic materials, and was used for training and surgical planning. We concluded that the use of photogrammetry and RP for the production of bone biomodels of the canine species enabled techniques for fracture reduction to be performed with the use of special instruments, enabling training in the area of veterinary orthopedics in an economically viable manner with an alternative to experimental animals.

ResumoA investigação da contaminação do solo por enteroparasitos já foi efetuada em várias regiões do Brasil, principalmente em locais que podem apresentar riscos à saúde humana, como creches e praças públicas. No presente trabalho, foi relatada a contaminação do solo por ovos de Toxocara spp., Ascaris spp., tricostrongilídeos e oocistos de protozoários em uma comunidade rural localizada no Pantanal Mato-Grossense. Os resultados do presente estudo ressaltam o risco a que podem estar expostos os moradores de comunidades em condições precárias de habitação e saneamento com relação à infecção por parasitas. Palavras-chave:Contaminação do solo. Parasitas. Zoonoses. AbstractStudies concerning soil contamination by enteroparasites have been carried out in different regions of Brazil, particularly in areas that may represent risks to human health, such as daycare playgrounds and public parks. In this study, contamination of soil by eggs of Toxocara spp., Ascaris spp., trichostrongylids as well as by oocysts of protozoa was reported in a rural community located close to the Pantanal Mato-Grossense, Brazil. The results highlight the risk of people living in communities with precarious sanitary conditions in relation to parasitic infection.Keywords: Soil contamination. Parasites. Zoonosis. Parasitas do gênero Toxocara, em especial Toxocara canis e Toxocara cati, infestam o intestino de canídeos e felídeos e são os principais agentes da toxacaríase, uma antropozoonose cosmopolita denominada larva migrans vísceral/ocular. A doença apresenta quadro clínico variável e inespecífico em consequência das reações mecânicas e imunológicas provocadas pela presença de larvas (ANDRADE, 2000). Cães e gatos têm papel relevante na transmissão da doença aos humanos a partir da eliminação de ovos nas fezes em áreas públicas (SANTARÉM; SARTOR; BER-GAMO, 1998). A contaminação do solo por Toxocara spp. em diferentes ambientes, assim como por outros geo-helmintos tem sido confirmada, o que ressalta a importância destas parasitoses para a saúde pública (SANTARÉM; SARTOR; BERGAMO, 1998; TIYO et al., 2008;CASSENOTE et al., 2011). Entretanto, são escassas as informações sobre contaminação por esses parasitas em áreas pouco urbanizadas ou próximas a ambientes rurais ou silvestres. Diante do exposto, o Contaminação de solo por ovos de

Control of oral lesions contributes directly to the health, survival and welfare of captive animals. In order to investigate the occurrence of oral diseases in neotropical wild carnivores kept at the zoo at the Federal University of Mato Grosso -Cuiabá, we evaluated 31 oral cavities from three families of carnivores (Felidae, Canidae and Procyonidae) between July 2012 and June 2013. Twelve coatis (Nasua nasua), three raccoons (Procyon cancrivorus), two maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus), six crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), one hoary fox (Pseudalopex vetulus), three ocelots (Leopardus pardalis), one cougar (Puma concolor) and three wild cats (Puma yagouaroundi, Leopardus wiedii and Leopardus colocolo) were reviewed. The most frequent lesions were dental absences 21/31 (67.7%), dental fractures 20/31 (64.5%) and tooth wear 19/31 (61.3%), which were suggestive of trauma caused from stress. Of lesser importance, we also observed occurrence of dental calculus grade I in 18/31 (58%), caries 1/31 (3.2%), foreign bodies 2/31 (6.4%), orofacial fistulas 1/31 (3.2%), hyperplasia in the oral mucosa 1/31 (3.2%), dental dimming 3/31 (9.7%) and chafing of the soft tissue 5/31 (16.1%). Therefore, it was concluded that environmental enrichment strategies and oral routine evaluation must be implemented to ensure the welfare of these animals, reducing local and systemic adverse effects of oral lesions. The diet has been successful in preventing periodontal disease, suggesting that this diet for the captive animals in the institution should be maintained.

The intracameral injection of 0.2 mL of 1:100 000 epinephrine and 0.3 mL of 2% lidocaine can be used as an alternative to tropicamide in healthy cats. Both treatments produced satisfactory and long-lasting mydriasis without adverse effects on IOP, HR, and MAP.

Background: Osteosarcoma (OSA) is a malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal tissue that exhibits various histological features and a differentiated biological clinical behavior. The combination of clinical, radiological, and histopathological features is important for diagnosis. Surgical treatment of neoplasms with pelvic involvement is a challenge. Primary bone tumors are rare in cats and are mostly reported in older animals. The objective of this paper was to report the case of a feline subjected to total hemipelvectomy as primary treatment of pelvic OSA; the surgical technique and histological analysis of the tumor are described. No signs of recurrence were seen during seven months of follow-up.Case: A 4-year-old female mixed breed cat weighing 3 kg was presented with a one year history of increased volume on the hip joint region. Palpation of the increased volume on the hip showed a firm, adhered, and painful mass. Radiographic examination of the pelvis in the dorso ventral projection exhibited a severe osteoblastic bone reaction on the proximal femur, as well as marked periosteal reaction of the hip joint with involvement of the acetabulum. A ventral approach total hemipelvectomy technique was adopted for excision of the tumor. The animal was placed on a lateral position and a circumferential skin incision was performed on the ipsilateral limb of the affected hemipelvis, on the medial portion of the femur, and was extended cranially up to the thoracolumbar region. The pubic symphysis was exposed with a periosteal elevator and a pubic symphysiotomy was performed on the midline using a Liston bone cutter; next, the sacroiliac junction was resected. No drain was used after surgery, only compressive bandages. The patient was hospitalized for post-operative monitoring which included opioids for pain management and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and a cephalosporin class antibiotic. The wound was cleaned with saline, rifamycin spray (Rifocina Spray®) was applied, and dressing was changed every 12 h. The excised bone was submitted for pathological analysis. Gross examination revealed a 4.2 cm hardened increase in volume on the area of the femoral head and acetabulum, with irregular surface; cut surface was hard and white with black and red spots. Histology revealed osteoblastic OSA with intense and solid fusiform and stellate cells distributed in a solid pattern with no capsular border, with marked infiltration of the bone tissue, marked osteolysis, moderate proliferation of osteoclasts, and moderate anisocytosis and anisokaryosis.Discussion: Bone tumors in cats are rare and develop spontaneously. They exhibit aggressive behavior and promote local bone destruction. Firm consistency and local swelling usually occur in more advanced cases when there is a delay between the onset of clinical signs and the veterinary consultation. Radiological findings such as bone destruction and bone formation are commonly seen in this type of tumor. Hemipelvectomy is considered an aggressive surgical technique, but necessary in many cases, especially when tumors are located in the pelvis and nearby tissues. In the case presented here, this surgery was the most viable and advised therapeutic option because of tumor location. No incidents (i.e. hemorrhage) occurred during the perioperative period. After surgery, the patient continued to perform all custom functions. The hind limb, which was affected in this case, is commonly reported to be affected in the literature; however, it is unusual to have involvement of both bones (pelvis and femur) since vascularization of these bones are independent. Diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology in which a characteristic malignant mesenchymal tumor of primitive bone cells was present, with production of osteoid of variable shapes and quantity with the presence of osteoclastic giant cells.

Método não invasivo para avaliação da movimentação embrionária de Caiman yacare (Daudin, 1802) [Non-invasive method for evaluation of embrionic moviment of Caiman yacare (Daudin, 1802)]

Este artigo apresenta os principais desafios do complexo da Tristeza Parasitária Bovina (TPB), a partir de revisão literária sobre o tema. A TPB é um complexo de enfermidades causadas pelos protozoários Babesia bovis e Babesia bigemina combinados com a bactéria Anaplasma marginale, os quais são transmitidos pelo vetor Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (carrapato-do-boi) ao seu hospedeiro bovino, impactando negativamente a saúde do animal e acarretando milhões de prejuízos à economia rural, seja no combate e controle do parasito, ou em gastos com medicamentos, de acordo com dados do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA), e do IBGE. Os principais métodos de controle e tratamento às doenças causadas por B. bovis, B. bigemina e A. marginale, atualmente, se resumem no combate ao vetor com aplicação de produtos químicos, como os acaricidas, aos animais contaminados. Entretanto, os desafios desse método residem na prática de aplicação em sequência e com frequência desses produtos químicos na população bovina, o que provoca, geralmente, a configuração de carrapatos multirresistentes aos agentes químicos. Diversos estudos têm mostrado pequenos resultados com tratamentos homeopáticos e rotação de pastagem, tratamentos alternativos para o combate ao parasito Rhipicephalus microplus. Em 2020, o MAPA lançou obra orientativa com a metodologia Tratamento Bovino Seletivo (TBS), cujo objetivo é acompanhar caso a caso a população bovina contaminada para se fazer o processo seletivo dos animais, de modo que os animais doentes são tratados. Para garantir êxito, oferece-se o Programa de Controle Seletivo do Carrapato Bovino (PCSCB), criado pela Universidade Federal do Paraná.

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