HighlightsA case of pseudoaneurysm of the IGA following intramuscular injection in the buttock.Importance careful physical examination in order to avoid misdiagnosis.Diagnosis and therapy are facilitated by catheter angiography.
Background Fractures in stents implanted in the superficial femoral artery (SFA) are recognized complications of endovascular management of this arterial territory. Objectives The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of fractures in stents implanted in the SFA and to identify predisposing factors for these fractures together with their impact on the patency of these devices. Methods The study included 39 patients (65.7±9.0 years) who previously underwent angioplasty for delivery of 56 stents into the SFA. During follow-up, which ranged from 7 to 46 months, variables were collected on the characteristics of the lesions treated and characteristics of the stents implanted. Two examiners independently analyzed digital radiographs for the presence of stent fractures and the patency of the devices. Results We found a 10.7% prevalence of fracture of implanted stents. Implantation of multiple stents was identified as a significant predisposing factor for fractures. We observed a marked tendency for fractures in female patients and in lesions treated with longer stents (> 150 mm). Stenosis exceeding 50% and occlusions were significantly more frequent in fractured stents. Conclusions This study suggests that implants longer than 150 mm and multiple stents are associated with higher device fracture rates. In cases with stent fractures, stenoses exceeding 50% and occlusions were significantly more frequent.
BACKGROUND: Trauma-induced secondary cardiac injury has been associated with significant adverse cardiovascular events. Speckle tracking echocardiography is a novel technology that allows an accurate and reproducible cardiac structure and function assessment. We evaluated the left ventricle (LV) myocardial deformation by speckle tracking echocardiography in a hemorrhagic shock (HS) swine model.
METHODS:Seven healthy male Landrace pigs were included in this study. Severe HS was reached through three sequentially blood withdraws of 20% of estimated blood volume, and it was maintained for 60 minutes. Volume resuscitation was performed using all precollected blood volume.A 1.8-to 4.2-MHz phased-array transducer was used to acquire the two-dimensional echocardiography images. Strain measurements were obtained semiautomatically by wall motion tracking software. Results are presented as medians and interquartile ranges and compared using Wilcoxon rank-sum test. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS:The median weight was 32 (26.1-33) kg, and the median total blood volume withdrawn was 1,100 (1,080-1,190) mL. During the severe HS period, the median arterial systemic pressure was 39 (36-46) mm Hg, and the cardiac index was 1.7 (1.6-2.0) L/min/m 2 . There was statistically significant absolute decrease in the global longitudinal strain 2 hours postresuscitation comparing with the basal measurements (−9.6% [−10.7 to −8.0%] vs. −7.9% [−8.1 to −7.4%], p = 0.03). There were no statistically significant differences between the basal and 2 hours postresuscitation assessments in the invasive/noninvasive hemodynamic, other two-dimensional echocardiogram (LVejection fraction, 49.2% [44-54.3%] vs. 53.2% [51.5-55%]; p = 0.09), and circumferential strain (−10.6% [−14.4 to −9.0%] vs. −8.5% [−8.6 to −5.2%], p = 0.06) parameters. CONCLUSION: In this experimental swine model of controlled HS, LV global longitudinal strain analysis accurately characterizes the timing and magnitude of subclinical cardiac dysfunction associated with trauma-induced secondary cardiac injury.
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