(OR = 1.9; hemorrhage (OR = 2.2; hypertension (OR = 3.0; syphilis (OR = 3.3; lack of prenatal care (OR = 5.6;, cesarean section and hospital, were associated with near miss; while hemorrhage (OR = 4.6; 95%CI: 1,, lack of prenatal care (OR = 17.4;

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to test the validity of the pragmatic criteria of the definitions of neonatal near miss, extending them throughout the infant period, and to estimate the indicators of perinatal care in public maternity hospitals.METHODS A cohort of live births from six maternity hospitals in the municipalities of São Paulo, Niterói, and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was carried out in 2011. We carried out interviews and checked prenatal cards and medical records. We compared the pragmatic criteria (birth weight, gestational age, and 5’ Apgar score) of the definitions of near miss of Pileggi et al., Pileggi-Castro et al., Souza et al., and Silva et al. We calculated sensitivity, specificity (gold standard: infant mortality), percentage of deaths among newborns with life-threatening conditions, and rates of near miss, mortality, and severe outcomes per 1,000 live births.RESULTS A total 7,315 newborns were analyzed (completeness of information > 99%). The sensitivity of the definition of Pileggi-Castro et al. was higher, resulting in a higher number of cases of near miss, Souza et al. presented lower value, and Pileggi et al. and de Silva et al. presented intermediate values. There is an increase in sensitivity when the period goes from 0–6 to 0–27 days, and there is a decrease when it goes to 0–364 days. Specificities were high (≥ 97%) and above sensitivities (54% to 77%). One maternity hospital in São Paulo and one in Niterói presented, respectively, the lowest and highest rates of infant mortality, near miss, and frequency of births with life-threatening conditions, regardless of the definition.CONCLUSIONS The definitions of near miss based exclusively on pragmatic criteria are valid and can be used for monitoring purposes. Based on the perinatal literature, the cutoff points adopted by Silva et al. were more appropriate. Periodic studies could apply a more complete definition, incorporating clinical, laboratory, and management criteria, including congenital anomalies predictive of infant mortality.

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Em 2011, o estado do Rio de Janeiro (ERJ) apresentou a mais alta taxa de incidência de tuberculose do país. Realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa sobre a estrutura, a organização e os processos de trabalho no Programa de Controle da Tuberculose (PCT), por meio de uma análise temática de entrevistas com coordenadores do PCT em 13 municípios do ERJ. A descentralização do controle da tuberculose – por intermédio da incorporação de suas normas pela Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) – exige a reorganização dos processos de trabalho do Programa. A substituição contínua de profissionais da ESF e a estrutura insuficiente do PCT prejudicam o controle da tuberculose. A superação do modelo baseado em um serviço de tratamento especializado requer a integração do PCT a todos os níveis do Sistema Único de Saúde, e atribuição de autonomia aos coordenadores, para tomarem decisões.

BackgroundSmoking epidemic in Brazilian women has later onset, smaller magnitude, and slower decreasing trend, compared to men. Among pregnant women, smoking has an additional deleterious effect. The purpose of this study was to analyze smoking prevalence during pregnancy and associated factors, and to describe the frequency of smoking reduction and cessation in public maternities of Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil, in 2011.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in two maternities located at public hospitals in two cities of the Rio de Janeiro state, Niterói (maternity A) and of Rio de Janeiro (maternity B). Data were gathered by interviews 12 hours after the delivery, and analyses of prenatal cards and medical records. Smoking prevalence according to maternal characteristics, adequacy of prenatal care, and proportions of smoking reduction and cessation during pregnancy were calculated. Factors associated to smoking during pregnancy were estimated by logistic regression analysis.ResultsSmoking prevalence at maternity A (24.8%, 95% CI: 21.1-29.0) and maternity B (17.9%, 95% CI: 15.8-20.1) were high. Prevalence rates were greater in women aged 20-34 years, mainly without partner, multiparous and brown or black skin color. Low education (OR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.21, 3.79) and multiparity (OR = 3.48, 95% CI 1.78, 6.81), at maternity A; adolescence (OR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.26, 0.75), black skin color (OR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.06, 2.74), low education (OR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.08, 2.40), and multiparity (OR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.03, 2.44), at maternity B, were associated with smoking in multivariable analysis. Adequacy of prenatal care and smoking prevalence showed an inverse association. More than half of the smokers kept the smoking habits during pregnancy. Reduction occurred mainly between the 1st and 2nd trimesters of pregnancy.ConclusionSmoking prevalence during pregnancy was higher for multiparous and less educated women. Population and individual strategies for smoking prevention and control must include actions specific for women, especially during the reproductive period.

Resumo Objetivos: identificar fatores associados ao pré-natal inadequado, com destaque para cor da pele, em usuárias do SUS do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (RJ), no último trimestre de 2011. Métodos: estudo de corte seccional em duas maternidades públicas no RJ. Foram entrevistadas 1790 parturientes, arroladas sequencialmente. Número de consultas e início do acompanhamento foram coletados dos cartões de pré-natal. O desfecho foi adequação do pré-natal, classificada pelo Índice de Adequação de Utilização do Pré-natal. A exposição principal foi cor da pele, além de covariáveis sociodemográficas e reprodutivas. A regressão logística multivariada usou níveis hierárquicos: variáveis predisponentes e capacitantes da utilização do pré-natal no primeiro e segundo nível, respectivamente. Resultados: a cor da pele preta manteve-se associada ao pré-natal inadequado, mesmo após ajuste para covariáveis (OR=1,37; IC95%:1,02-1,83). Gravidez adolescente (OR=1,85; IC95%:1,43-2,41); ausência de companheiro (OR=1,75; IC95%:1,38- 2,20) e multiparidade (OR=2,40; IC95%:1,49-3,85) também se associaram positivamente ao desfecho. O atendimento ao pré-natal em serviços públicos (OR=0,67; IC95%: 0,49-0,91) e primiparidade (OR=0,41; IC95%: 0,32 e 0,52) tiveram efeito protetor. Conclusões: gestantes de cor preta tiveram maior chance de realizar pré-natal inadequado no RJ. São necessárias políticas para reduzir iniquidades de raça/cor na assistência pré-natal desta população.

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PURPOSE We aimed to examine the relationship of birthweight to cognitive performance in middle aged participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC). METHODS Cognitive function, assessed by means of three neuropsychological tests - the Delayed Word Recall Test (DWR), the Digit Symbol Subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (DSS/WAIS-R) and the Word Fluency (WF) Test, was evaluated in relation to birthweight, as recalled through standardized interviews, using data from the second and fourth follow-up visits of the ARIC study cohort (1990 to 1992 and 1996 to 1998, respectively). Overall, 6785 participants satisfied the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. RESULTS After adjusting for adult socio-demographic factors, childhood socio-economic environment and parental risk factors, and adult anthropometric, health status related and behavioral variables, linear trends were observed for the relationship of birthweight to WF scores, although the trend was statistically significant only for those reporting exact birthweights (p for trend= 0.004). For the other cognitive test results, results were either null or inconsistent with the a priori hypotheses. CONCLUSIONS Except for WF in those reporting exact birthweights, our study does not support the notion that birthweight influences cognitive function in adults.