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Background Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been discouraged for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, fearing that they could increase the risk of infection or the severity of SARS-CoV-2. Methods Original studies providing information on exposure to NSAIDs and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes were retrieved and were included in a descriptive analysis and a meta-analysis with Cochrane Revue Manager (REVMAN 5.4), using inverse variance odds ratio (OR) with random- or fixed-effects models. Results Of 92,853 papers mentioning COVID-19, 266 mentioned NSAIDs and 61 mentioned ibuprofen; 19 papers had analysable data. Three papers described NSAID exposure and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 positivity, five papers described the risk of hospital admission in positive patients, 10 papers described death, and six papers described severe composite outcomes. Five papers studied exposure to ibuprofen and death. Using random-effects models, there was no excess risk of SARS-CoV-2 positivity (OR 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.71–1.05). In SARS-CoV-2-positive patients, exposure to NSAIDs was not associated with excess risk of hospital admission (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.80–1.17), death (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.80–0.98), or severe outcomes (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.90–1.44). With ibuprofen, there was no increased risk of death (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.78–1.13). Using a fixed-effect model did not modify the results, nor did the sensitivity analyses. Conclusion The theoretical risks of NSAIDs or ibuprofen in SARS-CoV-2 infection are not confirmed by observational data. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40264-021-01089-5.

Purpose: Heart failure (HF) is a common, serious, and still poorly known illness, which might benefit from studies in claims databases. However, to provide reliable estimates, HF patients must be adequately identified. This validation study aimed to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes I50.x, heart failure, in the French hospital discharge diagnoses database.Methods: This study was performed in two university hospitals, comparing recorded discharge diagnoses and electronic health records (EHRs). Patients with discharge ICD-10 codes 150.x were randomly selected. Their EHRs were reviewed to classify HF diagnosis as definite, potential, or miscoded based on the European Society of Cardiology diagnostic criteria, from which the codes' positive predictive value (PPV) was computed.To estimate sensitivity, patients with an EHR HF diagnosis were identified, and the presence of the I50.x codes was sought for in the hospital discharge database.Results: Two hundred possible cases of HF were selected from the hospital discharge database, and 229 patients with an HF diagnosis were identified from the EHR. The PPV of I50.x codes was 60.5% (95% CI, 53.7%-67.3%) for definite HF and 88.0% (95% CI, 83.5%-92.5%) for definite/potential HF. The sensitivity of I50.x codes was 64.2% (95% CI, 58.0%-70.4%). PPV results were similar in both hospitals; sensitivity depended on the source of EHR: Departments of cardiology had a higher sensitivity than had nonspecialized wards.Conclusions: Diagnosis codes I50.x in discharge summary databases accurately identify patients with HF but fail to capture some of them.

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Objective To compare differences in mortality between women concomitantly treated with tamoxifen and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) that are potent inhibitors of the cytochrome-P450 2D6 enzyme (CYP2D6) versus tamoxifen and other SSRIs.Design Population based cohort study.Setting Five US databases covering individuals enrolled in private and public health insurance programs from 1995 to 2013.Participants Two cohorts of women who started taking tamoxifen. In cohort 1, women started taking an SSRI during tamoxifen treatment. In cohort 2, women were already taking an SSRI when they started taking tamoxifen.Main outcome measures All cause mortality in each cohort in women taking SSRIs that are potent inhibitors of CYP2D6 (paroxetine, fluoxetine) versus other SSRIs. Propensity scores were used to match exposure groups in a variable ratio fashion. Results were measured separately for each cohort and combined hazard ratios calculated from Cox regression models across the two cohorts with random effects meta-analysis.Results There were 6067 and 8465 new users of tamoxifen in cohorts 1 and 2, respectively. Mean age was 55. A total of 991 and 1014 deaths occurred in cohorts 1 and 2 during a median follow-up of 2.2 (interquartile range 0.9-4.5) and 2.0 (0.8-3.9) years, respectively. The pooled hazard ratio for death for potent inhibitors (rate 58.6/1000 person years) compared with other SSRIs (rate 57.9/1000 person years) across cohorts 1 and 2 was 0.96 (95% confidence interval 0.88 to 1.06). Results were consistent across sensitivity analyses.Conclusion Concomitant use of tamoxifen and potent CYP2D6 inhibiting SSRIs versus other SSRIs was not associated with an increased risk of death.

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Background and purpose Studies have not yet found conclusive results on the risk of cancer in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to compare the incidence of all cancers and of specific types of cancer between MS patients and the general population by age and by sex. Methods All prevalent MS patients identified between 2008 and 2014 in the nationwide French health care database (Système National des Données de Santé) and without history of malignancy were included in a cohort study and followed up until cancer occurrence, date of death, or 31 December 2015, whichever came first. MS patients were matched based on sex and year of birth to non‐MS controls from the general population without cancer before index date. Incidence rate was reported per 100,000 person‐years (PY), and risk of cancer was estimated by type of cancer, age, and sex using a Cox model (hazard ratio [HR] and its 95% confidence interval [CI]). Results Overall, 576 cancers per 100,000 PY were observed in MS patients versus 424 per 100,000 PY in the control population. The risk of cancer was higher among MS patients than among population controls whether considered overall (HR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.29–1.43) or for prostate (HR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.68–2.58), colorectal and anal (HR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.16–1.58), trachea, bronchus, and lung (HR = 2.36, 95% CI = 1.96–2.84), and to a lesser extent, breast cancer (HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.03–1.23). Conclusions MS patients were associated with increased risk of cancer compared to population controls.

Background:Non-persistence to oral hormonal therapy (HT) in breast cancer (BC) is an emerging health issue, and estimations vary according to the population selected and/or the statistical method applied. This study aimed to estimate non-persistence over 5 years to HT in an unselected sample of women with BC using a French national population-based database and accounting for competing risks.Methods:A retrospective cohort of 600 women initiating a HT between 2006 and 2007 was constituted using a representative sample of the French national healthcare insurance system database. The Cumulative Incidence Function method was used to estimate the probability of first treatment discontinuation of at least 90 days accounting for competing risk of death from any cause over the theoretical 5-year period of treatment.Results:Thirty one percent of patients who initiated a HT were identified as non-persistent at the fifth year of follow-up. Patients who switched to another HT (HR 3.10, 95% CI (2.20; 4.36)) or had metastatic BC (HR 3.07, 95% CI (1.73; 5.46)) were more likely to be non-persistent. Women who initiated aromatase inhibitors as compared with tamoxifen (HR 0.62, 95% CI (0.46; 0.83)), had administrative registration for BC (HR 0.21, 95% CI (0.13; 0.32)), or had received an adjuvant chemotherapy (HR 0.65, 95% CI (0.48; 0.89)) were less likely to discontinue.Conclusions:The estimate of long-term non-persistence in an unselected sample of women treated in France by oral hormonal therapy is substantial, even accounting for competing risks.