Pain management after cesarean section must be done properly to prevent the emergence of chronic pain in patients. Ketorolac is the first choice as an analgesic to treat that pain. The appropriate dosage and time of analgesic treatment have impact to pain scale decreasing and another analgesic adding. The purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of the reduction in the pain scale of using ketorolac injection in cesarean section patients at Roemani Muhammadiyah Semarang Hospital. This research is a descriptive observational study. The research design is cross-sectional study by using retrospective data. The data were taken through the medical records of patients with cesarean section at Roemani Muhammadiyah Hospital Semarang for the period July - December 2019. The sample of this study was elective caesarean section patients who received ketorolac injection therapy in that period. The age range of patients taken was 18- 45 years. The reduction in pain scale was measured by the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) method. The results showed that the sample data obtained and those who met the inclusion criteria were 88 patients. Before the administration of ketorolac injection, the number of patients with moderate pain was in the greatest number, namely 53.41% and after the administration of ketorolac injection, the number of patients with mild pain was the greatest, namely 63.64%. Patients who experienced a decrease in the pain scale of 39.78%, the stability of the pain scale of 47.72%, and an increase in the pain scale of 12.50%. The average reduction in the pain scale of cesarean patients who received ketorolac injection at the Roemani Muhammadiyah Semarang Hospital was 1.09. Keywords: Cesarean section, Pain, Pain scale, Ketorolac, Roemani Muhammadiyah Hospital Semarang.
Cream<span style="text-decoration: line-through;">s </span>and ointment<span style="text-decoration: line-through;">s</span> are topical dosage forms used in the manufacture of drugs. Topical anti-inflammatory drug is a solution to problems of gastrointestinal side effects caused by taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug orally. The compound 2,5-bis (4-nitrobenzilidine) cyclopentanone is an analog of curcumin which has better anti-inflammatory activity than curcumin. This study aimed to determine the antiinflammatory effect of cream and ointment from 2,5-bis (4-nitrobenzilidine) cyclopentanoneagainst edema in mice induced by formalin. This research were experimental randomized complete design using a single factor. Twenty mice were divided into 4 groups: group I were given a cream base, the group II were given ointment base, group III were given cream compound 0.25% and group IV were given ointment compound 0.25%. The data were processed into AUC values and the percentage of anti-inflammatory effectwere calculated. Results were analyzed using ANOVA and T-test statistics. The results showed that between the dosage form had statistically difference of anti-inflammatory effect (p<0.05). The ointmentshowed a greater value of antiinflammatory activity rather than cream.
Perubahan paradigma pelayanan kesehatan dari “quality” menjadi “quality and safety” bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien. Salah satu upaya adalah meminimalkan terjadinya insiden. Insiden keselamatan pasien yang menempati angka terbesar adalah Kejadian Nyaris Cidera (KNC), yaitu sebesar 18,53%. Peningkatan risiko terjadinya KNC dapat disebebkan oleh adanya polifarmasi. Polifarmasi sering dialami pada pasien di Poli Penyakit Dalam RS Roemani Muhammadiyah Semarang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah KNC pada pelayanan resep pasien poli penyakit dalam di Instalasi Farmasi Rawat Jalan RS Roemani Muhammadiyah Semarang. Penelitian merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan data prospektif dari pelayanan resep pasien poli penyakit dalam di Instalasi Farmasi Rawat Jalan RS Roemani Muhammadiyah Semarang pada bulan Maret 2020. Evaluasi dilakukan pada setiap tahapan pelayanan resep. Tahapan terdiri dari peng-entry-an resep, pengambilan obat, dan penyiapan obat. Data dianalisis dan dikelompokkan berdasarkan jenis KNC pada tiap tahapan pelayanan resep pasien penyakit dalam, jumlah dan persentase KNC pada setiap lembar resep. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 25 KNC pada 375 lembar resep pasien poli penyakit dalam di Instalasi Farmasi RS Roemani Muhammadiyah Semarang. Persentase KNC adalah tahap peng-entry-an obat sebanyak 9 KNC (2,4%), tahap pengambilan sebanyak 15 KNC (4%), tahap penyiapan sebanyak 1 KNC (0,27%)
Kualitas pelayanan terhadap pasien di rumah sakit berdampak pada kepuasan pasien. Pada bulan Januari – September 2019, jumlah pasien di poli ibu Rumah Sakit Hermina Pandanaran Semarang mencapai 30% dari 123.536 total pasien. Kepuasan pasien dapat diukur melalui lima dimensi kepuasan yaitu, wujud nyata, perhatian, jaminan kepastian, kehandalan, dan ketanggapan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kepuasan pasien poli ibu di Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit Pandanaran Semarang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan desain cross sectional. Data diambil secara prospektif melalui pengisian kuesioner tentang pelayanan farmasi kepada pasien. Usia responden berkisar 17 – 65 tahun. Data dianalisis berdasarkan karakteristik responden dan persentase kepuasan pasien di setiap dimensi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa usia pasien paling banyak adalah 26 – 35 tahun (57%) dengan tingkat pendidikan terakhir pendidikan tinggi (63.3%). Kepuasan pasien menunjukkan hasil berurutan sebagai berikut: dimensi wujud nyata 94%, perhatian 90,7%, jaminan kepastian 99,5%, kehandalan 100%, dan ketanggapan 99%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepuasan pasien telah melampaui standar yang ditentukan di RS Hermina Pandanaran Semarang, yaitu > 90%. Meskipun demikian terdapat satu pertanyaan dalam dimensi perhatian yang menghasilkan kepuasan sebesar 81.3%.
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