Professional work occupies a significant part in our life. It is satisfaction of financial and material needs, but also has social and psychological dimension. Job satisfaction has a direct impact on the individual's life, self-esteem and fulfilment. The concept of satisfaction, despite many attempts to standardize it, is still a difficult category to standardize. The first research results on job satisfaction were published in the 1930s (Hersey, 1932; Hoppock, 1935; Mayo, 1933). The reason for interest in this topic was the consequences of job satisfaction for employees and the organization expected by researchers and practitioners. From the 60s, job satisfaction is defined as "an emotional reaction of pleasure or resentment with an employee derives from fulfilling given tasks, functions and roles" (Bańka, 2005; Locke, 1976; Spector, 1997). Then in the 1980s, the scope of research was broadened and the studied problems deepened. This included the relationship between job satisfaction and various categories of behaviour at work. Additionally, the relationship between job satisfaction and functioning in other spheres of life and
Background Understanding how nursing students in European countries perceive their future professional role is an important step in creating awareness of the diversity and similarities between countries. Investigating nursing students’ perceptions of their future profession could help in the design of education and the retention of nurses. Aim To compare nursing students’ perceptions of the professional nurse's role between Belarus, Lithuania, Poland and Sweden. Method A cross‐sectional design was implemented. The study used two scales of the Professional Nursing Image Survey, which has questions about 10 skills and abilities and 14 functions and duties of a nurse. Results A total of 392 final‐year nursing students in four countries participated in the study. Statistically significant differences were found between countries in terms of all 10 skills and abilities and in the distribution of responses concerning functions and duties of a nurse. Conclusions Nursing students in Belarus, Lithuania, Poland and Sweden perceive differently the role of a nurse in terms of some functions and responsibilities. This may influence the adaptation of nurses who enjoy freedom of movement among the countries. Implications for nursing policy The knowledge gained in this study could be beneficial in improving nursing education, as it could illuminate the discrepancy between educational goals and students’ perceptions of their future professional role.
Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide public health problem. The objective of this survey was to assess the undergraduate students' vitamin D status and knowledge about this vitamin. Materials and methods: An online multi-choice survey was designed and launched in Northern Poland (Gdańsk region). The first part of the survey assessed diet, supplementation, UV radiation exposure (UVE) and general health of respondents. The second part was a vitamin D knowledge test (vitamin D optimal level, deficiency-related diseases). 1766 student volunteers responded to the survey: 369 male and 1397 female. Data was divided according to the respondents' sex and university affiliation. Appropriate parametric or non-parametric statistical tests were used with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Results: Regular consumption of vitamin D-rich food was high, except for fish (only 18; 22%). High number of participants did not declare any type of supplementation (43; 44%) and only occasionally were exposed to UV (77%; 80%). The most frequently recognized disease linked to vitamin D was osteoporosis. Medical University students obtained higher test scores (4,55), however this did not correlate with healthy vitamin D habits. Conclusion: Undergraduate medical and non-medical students have unsatisfactory vitamin D status and poor understanding of its function and impact on health, which implies the need for changes in the educational program.
Aim and objectives: To compare the self-reported level of professionalism among nurses in Poland and Belarus and to indicate the areas in which differences in professional behaviours of nurses in both countries exist. Background: Nurses constitute the largest group of healthcare providers, and the term professionalism is closely related to nursing profession. Design: This investigation is a comparative survey and descriptive analysis of professional behaviours among nurses in Poland (n = 205) and Belarus (n = 236). The study was reported according to the STROBE checklist. Methods: The Professionalism in Nursing Behaviors' Inventory Image Survey adapted from Adams and Miller (2001) was used to collect the data. The questionnaire contains 46 questions addressing the following behavioural categories: educational preparation, publications, research, professional organisation, community service, competence, code for nurses, theory and autonomy.
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