The main purpose of the article is to present the role and importance of Polish fact-checking initiatives in context of their educational dimension. The central question that the authors will try to answer is: To what extent and in which way do the Polish fact-checking initiatives provide education as part of their activities? To answer this question, the authors implemented a two-step research design – starting from desk research concerning the development of Polish fact-checking scene and its social, political, economic and cultural background. The second step included in-depth, semi-structured interviews with five representatives of different types of Polish fact-checking initia-tives. Considering a limited number of fact-checking organizations in Poland, the authors can assume a certain level of generalizability of the results of such qualitative research. The study shows that stud-ied initiatives are occasionally active in the field of media and information literacy, and only some of them (i.e. mostly those related to civil society groups) treat their educational activities as a priority.
The main purpose of this article is to present the link between the level of media and information literacy (MIL) and political preferences of Polish students based on empirical research. MIL is a key issue for today’s societies as it equips citizens with the skills needed to use various media and information channels and exercise their basic human rights. Phenomena such as post-truth, the way people are more inclined to accept arguments based on emotions and beliefs than facts, disinformation and fake news are an important context and subject of ongoing scientific discussions. Keeping in mind the limitations of self-report methods, the authors combine the elements of students’ self-assessment with the questions that test their theoretical knowledge and competences related to recognizing fake news. The research sample consists of 870 students of social sciences and journalism. The results of the research provide detailed knowledge about the level of MIL as well as political preferences of students. By that, authors hope to contribute to the global scientific discussion, offering their research conducted in the context of the declining quality of democracy in Poland.
Your publications on journalism cultures in post-communist countries and media accountability are often cited by other researchers. Will you continue research in this area? What other subjects will you raise in the near future?One of the research interests I never get bored with is, indeed, related to journalism cultures in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. I am curious as to how journalism has been changing and is changing in these countries, and viewing this development from a comparative perspective. The "liberal" or Anglo-American model of journalism has been predominantly used as the frame of reference when interpreting and assessing journalism cultures internationally. Within this framework, national peculiarities of CEE journalisms sometimes appear as deviations from the "right" standards. However, other interpretations, based on national histories and cultures are also possible, and I am intrigued to find out what they could be.When participating in a research project of the London School of Economics and Social Science (LSE) about the future of news agencies in Europe I noticed how little research exists on national news agencies in the CEE region. The formerly indispensable role of news agencies as the main providers of news for the media has been radically changed. How national news agencies have transformed and adapted their operations to today's news ecosystem is an issue worth studying.Recently, I have also returned to the history of journalism, the favourite field of my early scholarly career. Now I am especially interested in how the three tails of devilry -the Communist Party, the censorship system (Glavlit) and the state security organ (KGB) -worked together in governing the media in Soviet Estonia. To make life even more hectic, I am also leading a project on how local newspapers in Finland could more effectively use social media platforms for engaging new readers.
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