Introdução: A neoplasia da mama, exceto o câncer de pele não melanoma, é a mais incidente no Brasil. O câncer de mama é estratificado em subtipos de acordo com sua gênese. O estrogênio, por sua vez, é um hormônio esteroide que está relacionado à origem de câncer de mama do tipo hormônio dependente. Nesse contexto, a hormonioterapia, empregada no tratamento dos sintomas menopáusicos e também na terapia hormonal de transgêneros, está envolvida diretamente com o volume de estrogênio circulante no corpo destes grupos. Objetivo: Diante do exposto, surge a preocupação quanto ao aumento da incidência de câncer de mama em transgêneros. Logo, esta revisão de literatura objetivou avaliar a relação do câncer de mama com a terapia hormonal a longo prazo, e ainda, a situação do rastreio de neoplasias de mama em mulheres e homens transgênero, bem como os seus desafios. Metodologia: Revisão literária, resultante de pesquisas na BVS, PubMed, EbscoHost e SciELO abrangendo artigos em inglês, português e espanhol. Resultados: Foram analisados doze artigos. Foi evidenciado na literatura insuficiência de documentação para uma possível afirmação ou negação da relação entre terapia hormonal e maior incidência de câncer de mama em transgêneros, devido à falta de estudos. Conclusão: É necessário que seja melhor compreendida a epidemiologia, para que exista alguma diretriz própria a respeito da prevenção secundária em pessoas transgênero, além de um melhor preparo dos profissinais para um atendimento de qualidade. Ainda, sugere-se que essa população seja melhor documentada, de modo a ter-se mais estudos e políticas específicas.
The thin line between efficacy and toxicity has challenged cancer therapy. As copper is an essential micronutrient and is important to tumor biology, CuII complexes emerged as an alternative to chemotherapy; however, its biological properties need to be better understood. Thus, we report in vitro the antitumor effects of two CuII complexes named [Cu(4-fh)(phen)(ClO4)2] (complex 1) and [Cu(4-nh)(phen)(ClO4)2]·H2O (complex 2), in which 4-fh = 4-fluorophenoxyacetic acid hydrazide; 4-nh = 4-nitrobenzoic hydrazide and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline. Both complexes presented cytotoxic activity against tumor cells, but only complex 1 showed significant selectivity. Complex 1 also induced DNA-damage, led to G0/G1 arrest and triggered apoptosis, which was initiated by an autophagy dysfunction. The significant in vitro selectivity and the action mechanism of complex 1 are noteworthy and reveal this prodrug as promising for anticancer therapy.
Prostate Cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men worldwide. The treatment of advanced cases is based on chemotherapy, which lacks specificity and efficacy, due to severe side effects and resistance to the traditional drugs. Copper complexes have shown antitumoral efficacy and low toxicity, being considered a promising class of metal-based drugs for the treatment of malignant neoplasms. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the cellular effects of a copper(II) complex with 4-fluorophenoxyacetic acid hydrazide and 1,10-phenanthroline (1) on PCa cell lines, as well as the mutagenic/recombinogenic and anticarcinogenic potential of 1 in Drosophila melanogaster. PNT-2 (non-tumorigenic), LNCaP (hormone-responsive PCa) and PC-3 (androgen-independent PCa) cells were cultured, and cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay. The expression levels of the proliferation markers Ki-67 and Cyclin D1 were analyzed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) and the Epithelial Tumor Test (ETT) were performed. Complex 1 was selective to LNCaP cells, significantly reducing Ki-67 and Cyclin D1 expression levels. Sub-toxic concentrations of complex 1 were defined by the toxicity test in D. melanogaster, and no mutagenic/recombinogenic/carcinogenic effects were observed. Anticarcinogenic potential was observed in D. melanogaster, suggesting modulating activity of the complex 1 against Doxorubicin, a drug used as control by its carcinogenic properties. Therefore, complex 1 is a possible starting point for the development of new antitumor agents for the treatment of PCa.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.