En respuesta a la aparición del COVID 19 y la pandemia ocasionada, los países tomaron medidas para manejar las curvas de infección. Han obligado a permanecer en confinamiento y esta estrategia afectó a diversos contextos, dentro de los cuales, se encuentra el ámbito deportivo, suspendiendo competiciones, partidos oficiales, entrenamientos en cancha, transmisiones deportivas, etc. Sin embargo, en el caso de los profesionales del fútbol, se mantuvieron en preparación física a través de plataformas tecnológicas. El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar los niveles de ansiedad rasgo, de sensación de bienestar y la relación entre ambas variables en futbolistas profesionales de cuatro clubes de Chile con el fin de contribuir al diagnóstico sobre cómo la crisis de Covid-19 puede haber afectado a la realidad deportiva en cuanto a la salud mental y emocional. Para ello se aplicó el STAI y el PERMA. Como resultados, los futbolistas investigados muestran niveles promedio de ansiedad rasgo y buen nivel de bienestar general. También se encuentra correlación entre ambos. Este estudio permite concluir que si bien la situación actual puede verse como amenazante, mantener las condiciones laborales y en actividad para un deportista parece ser clave para sentir cierto grado de control frente a la incertidumbre, así como estrategias de afrontamiento que permitan tener una alta sensación de bienestar. Abstract. In response to the emergence of COVID 19 and the resulting pandemic, countries took steps to manage infection curves. They have forced them to remain in confinement and this strategy affected various contexts, within which is the sports field, suspending competitions, official matches, training on the field, sports broadcasts, etc. However, in the case of soccer professionals, they remained in physical preparation through technological platforms. The objective of this work is to explore the levels of trait anxiety, feeling of well-being and the relationship between both variables in professional soccer players from four clubs in Chile in order to contribute to the diagnosis of how the Covid-19 crisis may have affected sports reality in terms of mental and emotional health. For this, the STAI and PERMA were applied. As results, the investigated soccer players show average levels of trait anxiety and a good level of general well-being. There is also a correlation between the two. This study allows us to conclude that although the current situation can be seen as threatening, maintaining working and active conditions for an athlete seems to be key to feeling a certain degree of control in the face of uncertainty, as well as coping strategies that allow having a high sensation of wellness.
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar las diferencias en el compromiso deportivo entre centros educacionales (municipales, particular subvencionado, particulares) y escuelas de fútbol. Los participantes fueron 913 jugadores de fútbol entre 10 y 14 años (M: 12.2 DT: 1.3). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron las versiones en español del Sport Commitment Questionnaire – SCQ-e – y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. A partir de los resultados y análisis de significación, se pudo apreciar la existencia de diferencias en los factores potenciadores del compromiso donde los establecimientos públicos o municipales mostraron menores índices que los otros grupos. En esta línea, en aquellos factores que se asocian negativamente al compromiso, este tipo de establecimiento educacional mostró mayores índices. Estos resultados permiten reflexionar a acerca de los programas impartidos y proponer intervenciones considerando la realidad socioeducativa y las consecuencias que pueden generar.Abstract. The present study aimed to identify possible differences in sport commitment between types of institutions, either educational (municipal, subsidized private, private) or football programs. Participants were 913 soccer players between 10 and 14 years (M: 12.2 SD: 1.3). The instruments used were the Spanish versions of the Sport Commitment Questionnaire – SCQ-e - and a sociodemographic questionnaire. From the results and analysis of significance, it was observed that there are differences in the factors enhancing commitment where public or municipal schools had lower rates than other groups. Likewise, regarding those factors that are negatively associated with commitment, this type of educational institution showed higher rates. These results allow to reflect about the programmes delivered and propose interventions considering the socio-educational reality and the consequences that may result.
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