The ITL variables, recovery, and physical performance changed significantly throughout a professional volleyball season. Despite the decrease in ITL during the main competitive period, the correct distribution of weekly ITL seems to be very important to guarantee the best recovery of athletes.
Timoteo, TF, Debien, PB, Miloski, B, Werneck, FZ, Gabbett, T, and Filho, MGb. Influence of workload and recovery on injuries in elite male volleyball players. J Strength Cond Res 35(3): 791–796, 2021—The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of workload and recovery on injury rates in elite male volleyball players. Data were collected from 14 male professional volleyball players over a 27-week season. Workloads were monitored daily using the session rating of perceived exertion, and recovery status was appraised using the Total Quality Recovery (TQR) scale. The players were exposed to 4,573.31 hours (h) of training and games with an overall injury incidence of 13.99 per 1,000 hours. Overuse accounted for 83% (11.58 injuries/1,000 hours) and trauma accounted for 17% (2.40 injuries per 1,000 hours) of all injuries. There was a higher incidence of injuries (p = 0.003), higher weekly workload (p = 0.008), and acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) (p < 0.001) in the pre-season compared with the competitive period. Healthy players had lower ACWR (p = 0.002) compared with the injured players. The TQR was higher for the healthy group compared with the injured group (p < 0.001). The greater odds of injury was related to higher ACWR (risk factor) (p = 0.014) and lower TQR values (p = 0.004) (protection factor). Athlete's workloads and the state of recovery may be related to injuries in volleyball. The results presented in this study emphasize the importance of controlling these variables in professional volleyball teams to prevent injuries.
RESUMOO estresse em árbitros tem sido objeto de estudo em várias modalidades esportivas, entretanto pouco se sabe sobre as interferências deste constructo na atividade de árbitros de ginástica rítmica (GR). O objetivo deste estudo foi fazer uma revisão sistemática sobre o estresse na arbitragem de GR. Foi realizada uma busca de artigos publicados entre os anos de 1993 e 2013 nas bases de dados Scopus, SPORTDiscus, SocINDEX e Web of Science. Os resultados apontam para um número reduzido de publicações sobre o estresse em árbitros de ginástica e também em outras modalidades. Foram identificadas particularidades entre os tipos de estresse das ginásticas e de outras modalidades esportivas. Conclui-se que o estresse que afeta as atividades laborais dos árbitros de GR possui características biopsicossociais e que existe necessidade de uma maior produtividade intelectual nesta área, objetivando avançar no entendimento de como estas variáveis interferem no desempenho destes profissionais.Palavras-chave: Psicologia do Esporte. Árbitro. Ginástica.
Context Rhythmic gymnastics requires a high level of complexity and perfection of technical gestures, associated with well-developed physical and artistic capacities. The training-load and recovery profiles of rhythmic gymnasts across a season are unknown. Objective To analyze the training load and recovery of professional rhythmic gymnasts during 1 season. Design Cohort study. Setting Brazilian National Training Center of Rhythmic Gymnastics and competition facilities. Patients or Other Participants Eight gymnasts from the Brazilian national senior rhythmic gymnastics group. Main Outcome Measure(s) Session rating of perceived exertion (session-RPE) and total quality recovery (TQR) scores were collected daily for 43 weeks. We obtained the session-RPE after each session and TQR score before the first session of the day. Performances during 5 competitions were also recorded. The season was divided into 8 periods. Total weekly internal training load (wITL), training intensity, frequency, duration, recovery, and acute-to-chronic workload ratio were calculated for analysis. Results The season mean wITL was 10 381 ± 4894 arbitrary units, mean session-RPE score was 5.0 ± 1.6, and mean TQR score was 12.8 ± 1.3. The gymnasts trained an average of 8.7 ± 2.9 sessions per week, with a mean duration of 219 ± 36 minutes. Each competitive period showed increased wITL compared with the previous period. Training-load variables (wITL and session-RPE) and recovery were inversely correlated. Gymnasts were poorly recovered (TQR < 13) during 50.9% of the season (n = 167 times), especially during competitive weeks. Spikes in load (acute-to-chronic workload ratio ≥ 1.5) occurred across 18.1% of the season (n = 55 times). Conclusions The training-load variables and recovery changed throughout a professional rhythmic gymnastics group season, mainly during competitive periods. The correct distribution of training load is critical to ensure that gymnasts are entering competitions in a recovered state.
ResumoIntrodução: No contexto esportivo, uma das principais recomendações para o melhor entendimento sobre a síndrome de burnout e o coping é a realização de estudos longitudinais que possam descrever o processo de desenvolvimento da síndrome e as estratégias empregadas para o seu enfrentamento. Objetivos: Analisar as percepções das dimensões de burnout e as estratégias de coping durante uma temporada esportiva, e correlacionar as características temporais de burnout e das estratégias de coping. Métodos: Mediante delineamento longitudinal, foram acompanhados 15 atletas profissionais de voleibol do sexo masculino (média de idade = 24,00 ± 3,55 anos) participantes da Superliga Nacional. Para mensurar as dimensões de burnout e as estratégias de coping foram utilizadas as versões traduzidas do athlete Burnout Questionnaire e do athletic coping skills inventory. A coleta de dados foi realizada em quatro momentos de uma temporada esportiva. O comportamento dos indicadores de burnout e coping foi verificado através do teste de Friedman, com post hoc de Wilcoxon, enquanto que o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman (rho) foi empregado para verificar as correlações entre os indicadores de burnout e de coping. Resultados: Foi observado aumento significativo da desvalorização esportiva e do índice global de burnout com o transcorrer da temporada, porém não foram encontradas diferenças significativas no emprego das estratégias de coping nos quatro momentos. Foram observadas correlações inversas e significativas entre a dimensão de burnout, senso reduzido de realização esportiva e a estratégia de coping, confiança/motivação, em todos os momentos da temporada. Conclusão: Os achados evidenciaram aumento na percepção de burnout nos atletas a partir do acúmulo de treinamentos e competições, bem como da exigência por ótimo desempenho na competição-chave. O estudo também apontou a relevância do fator motivacional no surgimento do burnout.
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