A produção de aguardente de cana e de cachaça no Brasil atinge 1,5 bilhões de litros anuais, representando 87% da produção nacional de bebidas alcoólicas destiladas. O consumo médio per capita do brasileiro é de 9,4 L/ano. O setor emprega cerca de 450 mil trabalhadores e movimenta internamente US$ 1,0 bilhão por ano.A aguardente de cana possui uma graduação alcoólica de 38 a 54% em volume, a 20 °C. É obtida de destilado alcoólico simples de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.) ou pela destilação do mosto fermentado de cana-de-açúcar. Destilado alcoólico simples de cana-de-açúcar é o produto obtido pelo processo de destilação simples ou por destilo-retificação parcial AbstractThis study evaluated some aspects of the chemical composition and sensorial acceptance of sugar cane spirit aged for 3 years in casks of different types of wood (peanut wood, araruva or striped wood, red cabreuva, oak, cherrywood, Brazilian gold wood, purple tabebuia, cariniana legalis, and pear tree). The simple alcoholic distillate which originated the sugar cane spirit was produced at the Distillery of ESALQ/USP. After aging, the sugar cane spirits were analyzed in terms of ethanol concentrations o, volatile acidity, furfural, aldehydes, esters, higher alcohols, methanol, copper, total phenolic compounds, color, and sensorial acceptance. Regardless the type of wood the casks were made of, the aged sugar cane spirits became darker and presented higher concentrations of volatile acidity, furfural, esters, higher alcohols, congeners, and total phenolic compounds than the simple alcoholic distillate. On the other hand, the aged sugar cane spirits presented lower concentrations of aldehydes, methanol, and copper than the simple alcoholic distillate. The statistical analysis, considering the global physicochemical composition of the sugar cane spirits aged in the casks made of different types of wood, showed similarities among the sugar cane spirits aged in the casks of peanut wood, araruva or striped wood, and cariniana legalis. It also indicates similarities among the sugar cane spirits aged in the casks of red cabreuva and pear tree and among the sugar cane spirits aged in the casks of oak, cherrywood, Brazilian gold wood, and purple tabebuia. The sugar cane spirits aged in the casks of the different types of wood were in accordance with the composition and quality standards established by the Brazilian laws. The sugar cane spirit aged in oak presented the best sensorial acceptance. Among the Brazilian woods, purple tabebuia, peanut wood, red cabreuva, cherrywood and pear tree were those that produced sugar cane spirits with better sensorial qualities. Keywords: composition; sugar cane spirit; aging; woods. ResumoEste trabalho determinou aspectos da composição química e aceitação sensorial da aguardente de cana-de-açúcar envelhecida por 3 anos em tonéis de diferentes madeiras (amendoim, araruva, cabreúva, carvalho, cerejeira, grápia, ipê-roxo, jequitibá e pereira). O destilado alcoólico simples que originou a aguardente foi produzido na...
The qualitative variation of secondary components plays a key role in the aroma and taste of the sugarcane spirit. The objective of this work was to study the volatilization kinetics of secondary components of sugarcane spirits during double distillation process in a rectifying still to verify the cutoff point in ethanol between "head" and "tail" fractions. Fermented sugarcane juice was distilled in rectifying still according to the methodology used for whisky production. Both distillates from first and second distillations were collected in fractions of 500 mL and analyzed for the concentrations of ethanol, copper, volatile acidity, furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural, aldehydes, esters, methanol and higher alcohols. In the first distillation, aldehydes and esters were distilled at the beginning of the distillation, while acetic acid was distilled at the end of the distillation. Methanol was found in the fractions up to almost half of the first distillation. Higher alcohols were distilled during the whole first distillation, but with greater intensity up to the alcoholic degree of 40% v v -1 of the distillate. During the second distillation, aldehydes, esters and methanol were distilled in the first distillate fractions, being collected mainly at alcohol concentrations above 80% v v -1 . Acetic acid was distilled in the final distillate fractions, with concentrations in alcohol content below 20% v v -1 . Higher alcohols followed a distillation kinetics pattern similar to ethanol, being collected mainly at alcoholic concentrations above 60% v v -1 of the distillate. The presence of copper, furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural was not detected in any fraction of the distillates of the first and second distillation. Key words: wine, volatile compounds, cachaça Cinética de volatilização de componentes secundários da aguardente de cana-de-açúcar durante dupla destilação em alambique retificador RESUMO: A variação qualitativa dos componentes secundários é função chave no aroma e sabor da aguardente de cana-de-açúcar. Avaliou-se a cinética de volatilização de componentes secundários da aguardente de cana-deaçúcar ao longo do processo de dupla destilação em alambique retificador para verificar tempo de corte em etanol entre a fração cabeça e calda. Mosto fermentado de caldo de cana-de-açúcar foi destilado em alambique retificador seguindo a metodologia utilizada para a produção de whisky. Os destilados, tanto da primeira como da segunda destilação, foram recolhidos em frações de 500 mL e analisados quimicamente quanto às concentrações de etanol, cobre, acidez volátil, furfural e hidroximetilfurfural, aldeídos, ésteres, metanol e álcoois superiores. Na primeira destilação, os aldeídos e os ésteres foram arrastados no início da destilação, enquanto que o ácido acético se destilou no final da destilação. O destilado apresentou concentração de metanol até praticamente metade da primeira destilação. Os álcoois superiores se destilaram durante toda a primeira destilação, porém com maior concentração até a graduação al...
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