Workers interested in tuberculous infection in children are aware that its incidence, measured either by clinical signs or by the presence of a positive reaction to tuberculin, has been decreasing. It has been my impression that this decline has been felt in Rochester and that the severity of the infection itself has been decreasing. This analysis was undertaken to determine the annual incidence of tuberculous infection here and the annual percentage of children with positive reactions to tuberculin who show clinical or roentgenologic evidence of the disease. Any change may in a manner determine whether the virulence of the organism has altered. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
THIS is the Preface to a newly published volume containing the annual addresses (1921-1955) of the first 25 presidents of the American Academy of Pediatrics. These addresses, unlike those of other medical societies, are not scientific in content. Nor were they composed to make history. They were essentially personal observations on current problems considered important by each president as he concluded his span of office. Moreover, they reflect many impressions and aspirations. So when these addresses are assembled in one volume, they become, in a sense, both a history of the Academy and of our specialty during these 25 years. These presidential addresses have an underlying theme: the dedication of the pediatrician to child welfare. They underscore the important fact that the Academy was not formed for the benefit of its members. Rather, it was dedicated to a program which would give children a better future, not only in physical but also in mental and social health. This altruism is evident in almost every essay. We should never forget this aim, for therein lies the reason for our being. Naturally, nearly all of the presidents are but names to most of our members. Reprinting their addresses can remind all of us of the initial and enduring purpose of the American Academy of Pediatrics. What we read in these addresses, as would obviously be the case, differs with each author. There are long addresses and there are short ones. Some of them are pessimistic and some are optimistic. A few are mainly factual, while others are truly literary. In order to introduce each of the presidents, their photographs are reproduced. A short appreciation of each president follows, written by one or more contemporary personalities. Remarks on each essay follow, giving in some instances the background of its composition and delivery. The address is then reprinted. Each address shows in its own way how the Academy has succeeded or failed to achieve its original aims:
SHORTLY after the Academy was organized, a discussion took place, the object of which was to find an appropriate design for an insignia which might appear on all certificates of membership, on programs, or on Academy publications. Although Academy records are completely silent about this discussion, for they have been thoroughly searched, it is obvious that a design was selected and was used as our insignia for a period of 10 years. Figure 1 is a replica of this insiginia. The story of the selection of time insignia [See the FIG. 1. in source pdf] shown in Figure 1 is pieced together by information obtained by letters I have received from those who must have had a hand in its selection. Dr. Marshall Pease writes that he has a vague recollection of time matter being brought up at a meeting of a small group of Academy members in Dr. Clifford Grulee's home. He thinks he remembers that Mrs. Grulee (though she herself says she cannot remember this) suggested a Della Robbia type of insignia. Dr. Grulee, at any rate, remembers that he consulted with Mr. Jasper King, the director of C. L. Richetts in Chicago. The firm later became the Scriptorium, and this is the name of the firm that now makes the present insignia. Mr. King was not only a business man, Dr. Grulee writes, but was well acquainted with artistic work of many kinds. Mr. King now has no memory or records of this commission, buy Dr. Grulee says Mr. King submitted 2 or 3 examples. and it was from these that the first insignia was chosen.
Pneumococcus peritonitis is a rather rare disease among infants and young children. The great majority of the patients in the Babies' Hospital are under 2 years of age, although those up to 4 years are admitted. In the last thirteen years there have been treated 171 cases of general peritonitis of which nine have been proved bacteriologically to be of pneumococcus origin.This form of peritonitis has been well described by Jensen,1 Brunn,2Annard and Bowen,3 Rischbieth,4 Cameron 5 and Abt.6 It is not the purpose of this paper to duplicate their work, but to point out some of the peculiar features which this disease presents during very early life.
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