Decision making was investigated from the standpoint of the emergent distribution of functional roles, conflict generation, utilization of conflict in decision synthesis, and information acquisition. 20 4-man groups of male undergraduate and graduate students were composed to yield 4 combinations of conceptual level. Each group participated in a complex simulated tactical decision-making situation. The group interaction was coded into functional role categories and rated with respect to conflict generation and utilization. The information measure H was used to assess uncertainty in the functional role distributions, in terms of which group structure was construed. Uncertainty of group structure, utilization of generated conflict, and search for novel information were linearly related, while interpersonal conflict was curvilinearly related to an increasing percentage of members of a high conceptual level in the group.
a1 . I Civil Eye-irioveineiits of search-and-resciie specialists arid trained spotters were filiiied with a eye-iiiarker caiiiera diiriiig visiial searcli. Thirtysix siibjects searched five 16-111111 color filiiis ofapproaches to actrialaircraft crash sites photograplied from 150 111 at 220 knilli and sigiialled arty possible siglitiiigs obtained diiriiig the approach arid fly-by of the sites. The 8 -i i i i i 1 filiii records of eye-irioveiiieiits were analyzed to obtaiii iriforiiiatiort oii crash site detectioiis arid the reportiiig of possible siglitiiigs as a fiiiictioii of search experieiice a i d visiial cowrage. Data 0 1 1 fmatioit diiratioits arid types of scaii pattenis are also presented.
As part of a continuing investigation of the conditions associated with operating irregularities in air traffic control (ATC), reports prepared during the investigation of 301 operating irregularities were analyzed in order to identify the factors most likely to precipitate air traffic control incidents. Operating irregularities were found to occur more frequently under conditions of moderate or low workload and normal complexity. A second objective of the work has been to develop a database system from which statistical data on operating irregularities and the various identified factors can be extracted. However, in order to enhance the integrity of the descriptive information in the database, the category structure that has been used to record the occurrence of ATC incidents is being revised to reflect the contemporary approaches to human error. A brief description of the proposed structure is included in the present paper.
He received a bachelor's degree from Stanford University in 1934 and then began his graduate studies at Brown University. This was to be the second of seven times that John would cross the country to take up a new phase of his career. At Brown, John studied with Leonard Carmichael. He received his doctorate in 1937 for his dissertation on the neurological basis of movement perception. John then accepted a postdoctoral fellowship in Psychical Research at Stanford, and the following year he married Nancy Elliott Kidd. When Leonard Carmichael became President of TuRs University in 1939, he invited his former graduate students, John Kennedy, Leonard Mead, and Nils Wessell, to come to Tufts as assistant professors to strengthen the psychology program. In 1942, John joined the Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) as a technical aide to the Applied Psychology Panel. His efforts as an inspector of scientific research work for the Pacific Coast Area were recognized after World War II when he was awarded the Certificate of Merit.
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