The screening of women by Pap smear has led to a remarkable decline in the mortality from cervical cancer; however, secondary to subjective criteria, interpretation of Pap smears is subject to marked inter-and intraobserver variability as well as having a relatively low sensitivity for cervical neoplasia on a single sample (as low as 66% sensitivity for biopsy-proven high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions [HSIL]) (1, 2). Recently, histology, which is thought of as the gold standard for the diagnosis of cervical neoplasia, has also been found to suffer from marked intra-and interobserver variability, and testing for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) by Hybrid Capture 2, which has been shown to be very sensitive in the detection of cervical neoplasia and useful in the triaging of ASCUS smears, has a low specificity for cervical neoplasia (1, 3). Thus, new biomarkers that are more sensitive and specific in the detection of cervical neoplasia and more reproducible than cervical cytology are needed. Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are known to be a major causative agent in cervical neoplasia and invasive cervical carcinoma. Many different HPV types associated with cervical neoplasia have been

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The prevalence of NA at SCOAP hospitals decreased significantly. Variation in NA between hospitals was linked closely to CT/US accuracy suggesting CT/US accuracy should be considered a measure of quality in the care of patients with presumed appendicitis.

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Women with uterine anomalies have poorer reproductive outcomes and lower pregnancy rates with all conceptions whether spontaneous or induced with ART compared with women with normal uteri.