Exercise interventions resulted in small positive effects on health and well-being outcomes among existing studies. Future research should examine intervention-specific characteristics that result in optimal results, such as dose.

No abstract

Aims/hypothesis The aim of this meta-analysis was to integrate the results of primary research testing the effect of diabetes self-management interventions that included recommendations to increase exercise on metabolic outcomes among adults with type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods Extensive literature searching strategies were used to identify published and unpublished intervention studies that measured glycated haemoglobin outcomes. Primary study results were coded. Fixed-and random-effects meta-analytic procedures included moderator analyses.Results Data were synthesised across 10,455 subjects from 103 research reports. The overall mean weighted effect size for two-group comparisons was 0.29 (higher mean for treatment than control). This effect size is consistent with a difference in HbA 1c means of 0.45% (e.g. 7.38% for treatment subjects vs 7.83% for control subjects). For single-group studies, the overall mean weighted effect size was 0.32-0.34. Control group subjects experienced no improvement in metabolic control during participation in the studies. Interventions that targeted multiple health behaviours resulted in smaller effect size estimates (0.22) than interventions that focused only on exercise behaviours (0.45). Funded studies reported greater improvements in metabolic controls. Studies with a greater proportion of female subjects reported lower effect sizes. Baseline HbA 1c and BMI were unrelated to metabolic outcomes. Conclusions/interpretation These findings suggest that self-management interventions that include exercise recommendations improve metabolic control, despite considerable heterogeneity in the magnitude of the intervention effect. Interventions that emphasise exercise may be especially effective in improving metabolic control. Primary research testing interventions in randomised trials to confirm causal relationships would be constructive.Keywords Diabetes mellitus, type 2 . Exercise . Haemoglobin A, glycosylated . HbA 1c . Meta-analysis Abbreviations CLES common language effect size ES effect size GhB glycated haemoglobin Diabetologia (2007) 50:913-921

These findings document that interventions can be effective in increasing PA among patients with cardiovascular diseases. Primary research should compare interventions in randomized trials to confirm causal relationships.

No abstract

In the article "A Meta-Analysis of Exercise Interventions among People Treated for Cancer," incorrect quality of life results were reported due to a coding error of baseline values for one primary study. The error affected quality of life outcome data for the treatment group baseline versus post intervention comparison and for the control group baseline versus outcome comparison. The corrected data appear in the tables below. One article sentence should be corrected (p. 705): The original sentence was "All ESs are small and statistically nonsignificant, except for quality of life at −0.26 under the assumption of no pre-and postscore association"; it should read "All ESs are small and statistically nonsignificant." The authors apologize for the error. Tables 4 and 5

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

No abstract