Fire suppression has led to large fuel accumulations in many regions of the United States. In response to concerns about associated wildfire hazards, land managers in the western United States are carrying out extensive fuel-reduction thinning programs. Although reductions in cover by woody vegetation seem likely to cause changes in herbaceous communities, few published studies have reported on consequences of such treatments for native or exotic plant species. We compared vegetation and abiotic characteristics between paired thinned and unthinned chaparral and oak woodland communities of southwestern Oregon 4-7 yr posttreatment and contrasted impacts of manual vs. mechanical treatments. Herbaceous cover increased on thinned sites, but species richness did not change. Herbaceous communities at thinned sites had an early postdisturbance type of composition dominated by native annual forbs and exotic annual grasses; cover by annuals was nearly twice as high on treated as on untreated sites. Absolute and proportional cover of native annual forbs increased more than any other trait group, whereas exotic annual forbs and native perennial forbs declined. Exotic annual grass cover (absolute and proportional) increased, whereas cover by native perennial grasses did not. Shrub reestablishment was sparse after thinning, probably because of a lack of fire-stimulated germination. Manual and mechanical treatment impacts on abiotic site conditions differed, but differences in vegetation impacts were not statistically significant. Fuel-reduction thinning may have some unintended negative impacts, including expansion of exotic grasses, reductions in native perennial species cover, persistent domination by annuals, and increased surface fuels. Coupled with sparse tree or shrub regeneration, these alterations suggest that ecological-state changes may occur in treated communities. Such changes might be mitigated by retaining more woody cover than is currently retained, seeding with native perennials after treatment, or other practices; further research is needed to inform management in these ecosystems. Resumen En muchas regiones de Estados Unidos, la supresión del fuego ha provocado grandes acumulaciones de combustible. En repuesta a las preocupaciones respecto a los peligros asociados a los fuegos no controlados, los manejadores de tierras del oeste de Estados Unidos están conduciendo programas extensivos de aclareo para reducir el combustible. Mientras que la reducción de cobertura de la vegetación leñ osa parece que probablemente cause cambios en las comunidades herbáceas, pocos estudios publicados han reportado las consecuencias de tales tratamientos en las especies nativas o exóticas. Comparamos características de vegetación y abióticas entre comunidades apareadas de ''Chaparral'' y ''Oak'' con y sin aclareo en el sudoeste de Oregon 4 y 7 añ os después de aplicar los tratamientos, y contrastamos los impactos de tratamientos manuales contra mecánicos. La cobertura herbácea se incrementó en los sitios con aclareo, pero la rique...

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