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Antioxidant activity has been assessed in many ways. The limitation of many newer methods is the frequent lack of an actual substrate in the procedure. The combination of all approaches with the many test methods available explains the large variety of ways in which results of antioxidant testing are reported. The measurement of antioxidant activities, especially of antioxidants that are mixtures, multifunctional or are acting in complex multiphase systems, cannot be evaluated satisfactorily by a simple antioxidant test without due regard to the many variables influencing the results. Several test procedures may be required to evaluate such antioxidant activities. A general method of reporting antioxidant activity independent of the test procedure is proposed.

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Biophenols have attracted increasing attention during the past few years due to their biological activities and natural abundance and are potential targets for the food and pharmaceutical industries. Olive mill waste (OMW) is rich in biophenols and typically contains 98% of the total phenols in the olive fruit, making value addition to OMW an attractive enterprise. The phenolic profile of OMW is complex, yet this complexity has not been fully exploited in the valorization of the waste. Most work on the bioactivity of OMW has focused on antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The analytical techniques used to identify and quantify active biophenols are also reviewed. Keywords: Olive mill waste; biophenols; bioactivity; analysis; value addition; antioxidant; antimicrobial

Introduction 2 Sample preparation 2.1 Hydrolysis 2.2 Fruit extracts 2.2.1 Juices and related products 2.2.2 Olive oil 2.2.3 By-products 2.3 Fruit 2.4 Peel and seed 2.5 Leaf 3 Quantification 4 Future needs-transfer to industry 5 Acknowledgements 6 References

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