Using data from a study of 1996 adults aged 20 and older in Taiwan, this study examines the changing pattern of sibling relationships in adulthood across the life span, including young adulthood, middle age and old age. This study provides evidence that sibling ties in general provide more help in the form of social companionship and emotional support, and less in instrumental support. Furthermore, sibling contact and sibling support both vary inversely with age. In comparison to people in young adulthood and middle age, older people have less contact with siblings, and they also receive less assistance from siblings. This present study shows that the hypothesis generated by the life course perspective for analysis of changes in sibling relationships across life span is not supported. The results show that brother-brother dyads tend to provide the most help, which is different from the findings in western society where women are kin keepers. Such difference illustrates how the family-kinship institution affects sibling relationships across different cultures. Social companionship with siblings is a significant predictor of actual support from siblings, irrespective of whether it is emotional or instrumental in form.
Aims This study examines differences in the determinants of intention to stay (Time 1) and actual retention behaviour at follow‐up (Time 2) between younger and older nursing assistants in long‐term care facilities. Background The shortage of nursing assistants in long‐term care is increasing, and the nursing assistant workforce is also ageing. Methods Data were obtained from a stratified equal probability sample of 595 nursing assistants from 137 institutions over a two‐year period in Taiwan. Multilevel modelling was utilized for analyses. Results High organisational support and low burnout were associated with high intention to stay at Time 1 for both older and younger nursing assistants. However, the retention of older nursing assistants at Time 2 was more strongly influenced by high work latitude, the use of an optimization strategy and less burnout at Time 1, while the retention of younger nursing assistants at Time 2 was more likely to be affected by personal factors such as gender and marital status at Time 1. Conclusion Organisational factors, the use of selection, optimization, compensation strategies, and burnout were more strongly associated with retention of older nursing assistants than of younger nursing assistants. Implications for Nursing Management Nursing assistant managers should recognize the needs of nursing assistants vary by age and stage of life. Retention programs that are designed to account for age differences will be more effective at retaining nursing assistants.
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