Purpose
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a highly prevalent multifactorial disorder. Culture-directed antibiotics are frequently prescribed to patients with CRS and the middle nasal meatus (MM) is traditionally believed to be a representative sampling site of the sinuses as a whole. The purpose of our study was to reevaluate the reliability of the MM as a sampling site in patients with CRS who suffer from impaired drainage from the sinuses to the MM.
Methods
Swabs and tissue biopsies were collected from the MM, maxillary sinus and frontal sinus from 50 patients with CRS. The results of bacterial culture were compared between sampling methods and sites in relation to the patency of the sinus ostia.
Results
782 bacterial isolates were cultured from the samples. Concordant results between the MM and the sinus cavity were noted in 80% of patients for the maxillary sinus, but only 66% for the frontal sinus and 76% for the sinuses a whole. The differences were similarly prevalent in patients with open and occluded sinus ostia. Notably, swabs from all three sites provided representative information in 92% of patients and tissue biopsies did not provide additional information compared to multiple swabs.
Conclusion
The traditional method of sampling from the middle meatus provides inadequate information in 24% of patients with CRS, which may result in inadequate antibiotic therapy and contribute to increasing antibiotic resistance. Additional sampling from the sinuses should be recommended whenever possible, while invasive sampling is not necessary.
IntroductIon Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyposis (NP) can be associated with aspirin hypersensitivity, representing a syndrome of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). While the pathophysiology of allergic respiratory diseases has been well studied, our understanding of nonallergic CRS and its impact on asthma is still a matter of debate. 1 There is a gap in clinical and pathophysiological knowledge on the effect of upper airway diseases, especially of CRS with NP, on asthma. Nasal endoscopy, computed tomography (CT) imaging, and clinical symptoms are all helpful in establishing the diagnosis, 2 but provide no information about the etiology and lower airway comorbidity of CRS with NP. The medical management of CRS is currently focused on the control of inflammation that aggravates nasal obstruction. Surgical interventions
Undiagnosed hearing deficits hamper a child’s ability to learn. Hearing screening in school aged children helps detect educationally significant hearing loss and prevents negative impacts on academic achievement. The main purpose of this study was to improve early detection and assess the incidence of hearing disorders in first-graders from rural areas and small towns in the Małopolskie Voivodeship of Poland. There were 5029 children aged 6–7 years. Hearing thresholds were measured over the frequency range 0.5–8 kHz. A result was considered positive (abnormal) if the hearing threshold was worse than 20 dB HL at one or more frequencies. The prevalence of hearing loss was estimated in terms of four-frequency hearing loss, high-frequency hearing loss, and low-frequency hearing loss. Parents filled in a brief audiological questionnaire. The analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics, version 24. Of all the children, 20.5% returned a positive result and were referred for further audiological diagnoses. The estimated prevalence of hearing loss was 11.6%, made up of 6.5% with FFHL, 7.6% with HFHL, and 8.2% with LFHL. This study showed that large numbers of children in the district had hearing problems. Adoption of hearing screening in primary schools is recommended as a routine procedure within preventive pediatric health care.
1. We encountered the greatest diagnostic difficulties during the child's first year of life in chosen high-risk groups of children with congenital hearing loss in children with cleft palate or both cleft palate and lip. 2. The highest prevalence of not finished tests was in III and IV interval for all chosen high-risk groups with congenital hearing loss.
The presence of granulation changes is an unfavorable prognostic condition in the patients with ear drum perforation. In clinical practice, the criterion which often determines the application of either of the materials in myringoplasty are operator's preferences, as well as the availability of given material for transplanting.
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