Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been recognized as potent antioxidant agents. Since SGLT2i are nephroprotective drugs, we aimed to examine the urine antioxidant status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). One hundred and one subjects participated in this study, including 37 T2DM patients treated with SGLT2i, 31 T2DM patients not using SGLT2i, and 33 healthy individuals serving as a control group. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), free thiol groups (R-SH, sulfhydryl groups), and catalase (CAT) activity, as well as glucose concentration, were assessed in the urine of all participants. Urine SOD and MnSOD activity were significantly higher among T2DM patients treated with SGLT2i than T2DM patients without SGLT2i treatment ( p = 0.009 and p = 0.003 , respectively) and to the healthy controls ( p = 0.002 and p = 0.001 , respectively). TAC was significantly lower in patients with T2DM treated with SGLT2i when compared to those not treated and healthy subjects ( p = 0.036 and p = 0.019 , respectively). It could be hypothesized that the mechanism by which SGLT2i provides nephroprotective effects involves improvement of the SOD antioxidant activity. However, lower TAC might impose higher OS (oxidative stress), and elevation of SOD activity might be a compensatory mechanism.
Cel pracyStały wzrost zachorowań na cukrzycę skłania do poszukiwań nowszych form leczenia, ale także do badań różnych czynników mających wpływ na jakość życia tych pacjentów. Celem pracy była ocena związku wybranych parametrów stanu psychicznego z jakością życia pacjentów z cukrzycą.MetodaBadaniem objęto 51 pacjentów z cukrzycą typu 1 i 52 pacjentów z cukrzycą typu 2. W badaniach wykorzystano skale: jakości życia SF-36, AIS, HADS oraz SWLS.WynikiPacjenci z cukrzycą typu 2 osiągnęli niższe wartości niż pacjenci z cukrzycą typu 1 jedynie w zakresie funkcjonowania fizycznego skali SF-36 (p=0.001). Oceniając związek między parametrami badanymi wykazano, że długość trwania choroby wiązała się z gorszą oceną ogólnego stanu zdrowia (p=0.036) wśród pacjentów z cukrzycą typu 1. Natomiast wśród pacjentów z cukrzycą typu 2 czas trwania choroby korelował ujemny z funkcjonowaniem fizycznym (p=0.002), fizycznym funkcjonowaniem w rolach społecznych (p=0.001) i bólem fizycznym (p=0.047) a także satysfakcją z życia (p=0.012) a dodatnio z wartościami hemoglobiny glikowanej ( p=0,04). Wśród pacjentów z cukrzycą typu 1 poziom depresji ujemnie korelował z poziomem akceptacji choroby (p= 0.0009) oraz satysfakcją z życia (p=0.006), natomiast poziom lęku jedynie z poziomem akceptacji choroby (p=0.0004) a większe nasilenie lęku wiązało się z gorszą kontrolą metaboliczną (p= 0, 02). W grupie pacjentów z cukrzycą typu 2 poziom lęku korelował negatywnie z poziomem akceptacji choroby (p=0.003).WnioskiZ powodu licznych ograniczeń, jakie niesie ze sobą przewlekła choroba, należy zwracać większą uwagę na aspekt jakości życia oraz stan psychiczny pacjentów z rozpoznaniem cukrzycy oraz włączyć ocenę powyższych parametrów do procesu terapeutycznego.
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate health-promoting behaviors as a factor supporting life satisfaction and a protective factor against stress in a group of Polish medical students during the third wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Material: The study was conducted in October–December 2021. There were 306 people, including 203 students in the 1st year of medicine, aged 20.42 ± 1.92 years, and 103 students in the 5th year of medicine, aged 24.88 ± 1.7 years. Methods: The following were used: the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Health Behavior Inventory (IZZ), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). The survey was conducted online. Results: In the study group, the average result of 23.66 ± 5.97 was obtained in the life satisfaction questionnaire. In the overall assessment of health behaviors (IZZ), an average score of 80.06 ± 13.81 points was obtained. In the PSS-10 questionnaire, the respondents obtained an average of 21.10 ± 5.89 points. There were significant, negative correlations between the results obtained in the health behavior inventory with the results obtained in the stress scale and positive correlations with the results obtained in the life satisfaction scale. Moreover, in the assessment of the influence of prohealth behavior parameters on perceived stress and life satisfaction, a positive effect of PMA on life satisfaction was demonstrated, as well as a protective effect of Positive Mental Attitude (PMA) and Prohealth Activities (PhA) in relation to stress. Conclusions: Life in the period of the third wave of the pandemic was assessed by medical students as moderately satisfactory. Significant intensity of stress negatively correlated with life satisfaction. Health-promoting behaviors, and especially positive mental attitudes, seem to play a protective role in stressful situations and improve life satisfaction.
Purpose The fear for health, uncertainty, loss of freedom, boredom, and frustration accompanying the COVID-19 pandemic caused mental health burdens. Young people are particularly at a risk of emotional functioning problems. The aim of this manuscript was to verify the relationships between health behaviors and emotional functioning in health sciences students during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. Patients and Methods The study group comprised 493 Polish health sciences students (314 women, 179 men) aged 21.5 ± 2.25 years. The intensity of health behaviors was examined using the Health Behavior Inventory (HBI). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was carried out to assess symptoms of anxiety and depression. Stress levels were examined with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). The online versions of psychological scales were created using Google Forms software. Results Mild anxiety symptoms were observed in 21% of examined students and moderate-to-severe in 28%. Mild depressive symptoms were observed in 14% of the study group, and 8% of the examined students suffered from moderate-to-severe depression. The mean perceived stress result was high (22.2 ± 4.1 pts.). The overall intensity of health behavior was, at the mean level, significantly higher in females compared to males. The odds of developing severe symptoms in terms of anxiety, depression, and stress in students with high levels of health-related behaviors were respectively: four times, more than seven times, and nine times lower compared to students with lower levels of these behaviors. Conclusion Undertaking regular pro-health behavior decreased the odds of developing severe symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress in health sciences students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Background: Anxiety disorders are one of the most common mental disorders in the modern world. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the onset of many mental disorders in people who did not have them before. It can be suspected that in people who already had anxiety disorders before the pandemic, their quality of life has significantly deteriorated. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the relationships between life satisfaction, acceptance of illness, the severity of anxiety and depression symptoms and health behaviors in a group of patients diagnosed with anxiety disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods: The study was conducted in the period from March 2020 to March 2022. There were 70 people among the respondents, including 44 women aged 44.06 ± 14.89 years and 26 men aged 40.84 ± 16.72 years. All persons were diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder. Patients with other co-occurring disorders were excluded, i.e., depression and signs of organic damage to the central nervous system, as were those with cognitive disorders that prevented the completion of the questionnaires. The following scales were used in the study: the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS), Health Behavior Inventory (HBI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and the Mann–Whitney U test were used for statistical analyses. Results: In the Satisfaction in Life questionnaire, the respondents obtained an average score of 17.59 ± 5.74 points. In the AIS scale, the mean score obtained by the patients was 27.10 ± 9.65 points. In the overall Health Behavior Inventory (HBI), the average score was 79.52 ± 15.24 points. In the HADS questionnaire, probants obtained an average of 8.17 ± 4.37 points in the depression subscale and 11.55 ± 4.46 points in the anxiety subscale. In addition, there were significant negative correlations between life satisfaction (SWLS) and the severity of anxiety and depression (HADS). The lower the perceived quality of life, the significantly higher the anxiety and depressive disorders. The result obtained in the Health Behavior Inventory (HBI) as well as in the subscale of Prohealth Activities (PHA) was negatively associated with the severity of anxiety symptoms. Prohealth activities should therefore be developed to prevent anxiety disorders, as well as to promote positive mental attitudes. In the study, the average result obtained in the subscale of positive mental attitudes correlated negatively with both anxiety and depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Life during the pandemic was assessed by patients as unsatisfactory. Health-promoting behaviors, and especially positive mental attitudes, may play a protective role in relation to anxiety and depressive symptoms in a situation of increased stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic in a group of patients with anxiety disorders.
Background: Ego-resiliency could play a protective role, especially in stressful situations. Such a situation is certainly the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. The beginning of the pandemic period have been a source of significant stress for many people. Students, especially of medical faculties, were one of the social groups that could be particularly affected by the reorganization of everyday functioning. Effective coping with stress during this period could have been important for minimizing its negative effects. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess ego-resiliency as a factor enhancing life satisfaction and a protective factor against symptoms of anxiety and depression in a group of health students during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods and Material: The study was conducted in the period from October 2020 to June 2021. The study group included 362 students of the medical faculty and 249 students of the Academy of Physical Education (APhE). The Ego Resiliency Scale (ER89-R12), the Life Satisfaction Scale (SWLS) and the Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used in the study. Among the statistical methods, the Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used. Results: In the study group, medical students obtained the average score of 34.96±5.19 points and 36.49±5.22 points for students of the APhE was obtained in the ER-89-R12, the difference was statistically significant (p=0.003). In the SWLS, the mean score was 23.65±5.9 points for medical students and 22.35±5.67 points for students of the APhE, the difference was also statistically significant (p=0.005). In the assessment of anxiety, medical students obtained an average of 8.43±4.34 points and students of the APhE 7.60±4.27 points, the difference was statistically significant (p=0.012). In the assessment of depression, medical students achieved 5.10±3.77 points and students of APhE obtained about 4.77±3.26 points, the difference was not statistically significant. There were significant, negative correlations in the scope of the results obtained in the ER-89-R12 with the results of anxiety and depression, and positive correlations with the results obtained in the SWLS scale for both groupS. Conclusions: Life during the pandemic was assessed by students of pro-health faculties as moderately satisfactory. The severity of symptoms of anxiety and depression correlated negatively with life satisfaction. Ego-resiliency may be a factor enhancing life satisfaction and may be a protective factor against anxiety and depression symptoms.
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