Geopolymers are materials prepared from alkaline-activated cement without a calcium constituent. They are synthetic materials based on aluminosilicates. The main advantage of these environmentally friendly materials is that they save mineral resources and due to being free of calcium constituents, and only a small amount of CO2 emissions are released into the environment. The circular economy model of sustainable development of new composite materials will ensure the competitiveness of industries, their stable economic growth, and a healthy environment. This paper aims to investigate geopolymer composite materials that were reinforced with a mixture of glass powder from recycled windscreens. The glass 100% circulates in the closed material cycle and can be used again in the manufacturing process without any loss of quality. We are focused on verification of readability of selected automatic identification technology and their usability directly in the manufacturing process of geopolymer composite materials.
This study examines the impact of calcium-rich fly ash as an additive on metakaolin-based geopolymers. Six types of fly ash (FA1-FA7) from different thermal power plants in the Czech Republic were collected and characterized based on their physical and chemical properties. The addition of fly ash into the geopolymers was evaluated through a multicriteria assessment that focused on density and mechanical properties. By using a multi-criteria approach, the assessment provides a comprehensive and holistic evaluation of the material, allowing for a more informed decision about the optimal addition of additives. This approach helps to minimize any negative impact on the material’s properties while maximizing the utilization of the by-product. The result is an optimized geopolymer mixture with improved properties and increased sustainability, as the by-product is used beneficially. Furthermore, calcium content is the key factor that affects the physical properties of geopolymers by accelerating the curing time. This rapid process can result in reduced strength with increasing fly ash content. The multicriteria assessment revealed that the optimal condition is achieved using fly ash (FA2) from the Loucovice thermal power plant (5.2 wt.% Ca) that was treated at a temperature of 615 °C. The flexural strength of FA2-based geopolymers increased by 13% compared to concrete (standard). However, the addition of fly ash significantly reduced the compressive strength of geopolymers throughout the range of specimens. The Charpy impact strength of FA2 was higher than the standard due to the presence of unburned biomass solids in the ash structure that can absorb energy easily.
The manuscript deals with the problematic of multimodal and combined transport in the European Union. Multimodal transport is an intermodal transport where most of the road in Europe is carried out by rail, inland waterway or maritime transport and each start and end of the road that is made by road is as short as possible. Road traffic is used only on short routes, e.g. for the carriage of goods to rail or sea or to pick up the goods at the place of unloading. The aim of this manuscript is to point out of the European Commission priority, that is to reducing CO2 emissions, congestion and air pollution to improve the quality of life of European citizens. Our research is focused on state of the art of multimodal and combined transport with which it can be reduces CO2 emissions and energy consumption per cost unit and future directions of multimodality.
The main thesis of this paper was to briefly describe the measurement technique using a non-contact laser profilometer. This paper is divided into several parts, where in the introduction, in the theoretical analysis, we described the necessity of using control mechanisms in automation. Then, in the second chapter, we have developed the technology of measurement with a profilometer and its application in scientific work and in practice. In the experimental part, we have defined the application of a profilometer in laboratory conditions on an automated line in the measurement of a part printed with a 3D printer. Finally, we evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of this device compared to mechanical measuring devices.
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