The manufacturing industry is a key sector in many national economies and is involved in creating sustainable economic growth. At the same time, it is a sector sensitive to internal and external impacts that result in fluctuations in the economic cycle, copying its development or even outstripping the development of economic cycles. The main objective of this contribution was to identify the relationship between manufacturing and GDP, which represents the economic cycle in European Union countries. The time series of selected indicators of the manufacturing industry and GDP from the Eurostat database for Q1 2000-Q4 2016 were used for analysis purposes. An analysis of 296 time series with a quarterly periodicity from 22 EU countries (including the United Kingdom) was performed. The results of analyses indicate that the processing industry is a sector with significant cyclical behavior. In most countries, production and sales in the manufacturing industry behaved as concurrent indicators, changes in production and sales almost immediately reflected in the growth or decline in GDP. Labor market indicators have been shown to be delayed cyclical indicators. Changes in the economic development of the countries have a strong impact on employment, the remuneration of employees and the number of hours worked in the sector. Strong cyclical industries must be constantly monitored, as negative changes in these sectors will automatically exacerbate the economic cycle recession. The results of our analyses represent a valuable platform for economic policy makers and regional strategic plans.
The impact of tourism on quality of life standards in regions is significant in terms of people, planet, and profit. This paper examines the subnational NUTS 2 level regions, (in line with Eurostat) by applying several interlinked and connected indicators. Adopting the three Ps (people, planet, profit) of the Sustainability Services Marketing Mix, this article discusses the fusion of 54 regions of Central and Eastern Europe (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Poland, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Slovenia, Romania, and Bulgaria) into clusters according to the selected accommodation tourism indicators used by the European Statistical Agency (Eurostat) to evaluate tourism. Since many variables of the Prague region significantly exceed the values of the remaining regions, this region has been considered as an individual cluster, excluded from the cluster analysis. The cluster analysis resulted in the definition of six clusters consisting of regions with similar indicators’ statistics characteristics. The presented approach changes the traditional approach to clusters in tourism and provokes thinking about new criteria of clustering and solutions in the field of tourism, especially when considering future cooperation, competitiveness, and sustainable development.
Durability of the cutting tools is very complex process that is influenced by more factors. To the Identify these factors is necessary execute many experiments. The technical science defines the basic method for determining durability of the cutting tool according to results and knowledge F. W. Taylor. The Literature from renowned authors indicates that durability of the cutting tool is defined on the base of T-vc dependence. T-vc dependence like a elementary durability dependence was described according to Taylor´s graphics dependence VB=f(s) for different cutting speeds in 1906. From this theory were later derived others theories, that became the basis of theories durability of cutting wedge for the different cutting materials. For the durability identification of the cutting tool are in technical practice used two basic tests. The First is the short-term durability test and second is machining long-term test method. Both these tests have some advantages and some disadvantages that are described in Introduction of this paper. This paper describes how to create and analytically express new durability dependence for ceramic cutting tool on the base of vc-VB dependence. This dependence consists from vc - cutting speed and VB - criterion of blunting. The whole procedure and its analytical expression is the subject of this paper.
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