Global competition leads to a need for a fast time to market and increased resource efficiency. Continuous processing, module‐based plant design, and multipurpose equipment are recently discussed approaches for the fine‐chemical industry. As a representative, the downstream process of amino acid production is discussed herein. A conventional batch procedure was transferred to a continuous process and realized in a modular miniplant, which comprised of evaporation in a wiped‐film evaporator, seeded cooling crystallization in a coiled tubular crystallizer, and solid/liquid separation on a vacuum belt filter. The operations were realized on‐skid with individual automation systems and integrated sensors. L‐Alanine was successfully processed in steady‐state operation.
All authors developed the study concept together, and all contributed to the study design. L.S. and P.S. performed data acquisition and preprocessing in Study 1 supervised by S.W. who also coordinated and supervised data acquisition in Studies 1b, 2, and 3. Data analysis in Study 1 was prepared by L.S. and P.S., and was carried out and extended to Studies 2 and 3 by S.W. Manuscript and revisions were written by S.W. with L.S. and P.S. providing editorial assistance. All authors checked and approved the final version of the manuscript. Paper accepted for publication by Emotion (August 2021).
The study investigated facial attribution bias. Instead of asking participants to attribute character to faces, as usually done, we did the opposite: Participants were asked to generate the faces of specified characters, namely an aggressive/dominant male or the opposite (peaceful-submissive male). Participants used three methods: They generated free drawings, selected features from an assembly-kit, or edited facial photographs using PC software. We investigated facial width-to-height ratio in these generated portraits. We found that participants did not model static facial width to express character; instead they modelled expressed emotions, anger in particular. This reduced facial height, thereby increasing fWHR.
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