The bulk of the cellulose currently employed by industry is isolated from wood through Kraft pulping, a process which traditionally involves a barrage of environmentally detrimental chemicals and is undeniably 'non-green.' In this report we present a simple and novel alternative approach for the processing of lignocellulosic materials that relies on their solubility in solvent systems based on the ionic liquid (IL) 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C 4 mim]Cl). Dissolution profiles for woods of different hardness are presented, making emphasis on the direct analysis of the cellulosic material and lignin content in the resulting liquors by means of conventional 13 C NMR techniques. We also show that cellulose can be readily reconstituted from the IL-based wood liquors in fair yields by the addition of a variety of precipitating solvents. Spectroscopic and thermogravimetric studies indicate that the polysaccharide obtained in this manner is virtually free of lignin and hemicellulose and has characteristics that are comparable to those of pure cellulose samples subjected to similar processing conditions.

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Banana pulps at any ripening stage can be completely dissolved in solvent systems based on the ionic liquid (IL) 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim]Cl), and variations in the carbohydrate composition of the fruit analyzed directly on the resulting solutions using high-resolution 13C NMR spectroscopy.

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ABSTRACT

RESUMO:Uma das alternativas para reduzir o uso de agrotóxicos pode ser a utilização de óleos essenciais para o controle de doenças e pragas que afetam a produção agrícola. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar o efeito fungicida dos óleos essenciais de Schinus molle L. e Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, espécies nativas amplamente distribuídas na região. Os óleos foram extraídos por hidrodestilação e analisados por cromatografia gasosa. Os fungos fitopatógenos Alternaria spp., Botrytis spp., Colletotrichum spp. e Fusarium spp., foram isolados a partir de gérberas e rosas com sintomas de doença e os ensaios de atividade antifúngica foram realizados através da técnica de difusão em disco e os dados analisados pelo teste de Tukey e Duncan a 5%. Em geral o óleo essencial de S. molle foi efetivo para os quatro fungos testados, nas quatro diluições utilizadas e para todos os tempos avaliados e o óleo essencial de S. terebinthifolius apresenta efeito fungicida mais pronunciado contra Botrytis spp., a partir de testes in vitro.Unitermos: óleos essenciais, Schinus molle., Schinus terebinthifolius, efeito fungicida, α-pineno, sabineno.ABSTRACT: "Antifungal effect of Schinus molle L., Anacardiaceae, and Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Anacardiaceae, essential oils of Rio Grande do Sul". One of the alternatives to reduce the use of pesticides may be the use of essential oils to control diseases and pests that affect agricultural production. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fungicide effect of essential oils of Schinus molle L. and Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, native species widely distributed in the region. The oils were extracted by hydro distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography. The phytopathogenic fungi Alternaria spp., Botrytis spp., Colletotrichum spp. and Fusarium spp., were isolated from "gerberas" and roses with symptoms of disease and antifungal activity of the tests were carried out by the technique of spreading disk. The data was analyzed by Tukey and Duncan tests to 5%. In general, the essential oil of S. molle was effective for the four fungi tested, for the four dilutions used and for all the times evaluated. The essential oil of S. terebinthifolius presents more pronounced fungicide effect against Botrytis spp., from in vitro tests.

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