This paper contrasts the immediate representations of Islam on US television and CNN's online messageboard by focusing on the noun phrases for 'Islamic' used in both media fora from September 11 to 16. The study found some notable congruities and differences in the associations made with Islam in each context. It considers these findings in terms of previous research on the representation of Islam and terrorism in 'Western' media; the official insistence that 'we' are not at war with Islam; and media theories of 'framing' and 'reception'.Discourse Analysis, Islam, Online Messageboard, Television News, Terrorism, Media Reception,
Since Hotelling's seminal paper on the optimal depletion of exhaustible resources, much has been published; yet confusion remains about whether scarcity rent and price increase or decrease as a resource is depleted when costs tend to rise with depletion. We show that Hotelling's fundamental results of rising scarcity rent and price paths are sustained and that the path of scarcity rent converges on the r per cent rule, provided the objective function is concave. Predictions of non-monotonic or declining scarcity rent paths are due to implicit assumptions that lead to a non-concave objective function. We identify the sources of these non-concavities. JEL Classification: Q30, D90, C60 Prix, rente de rareté et une règle modifiée du r-pourcent pour les ressources non renouvelables. Malgré la volumineuse littérature spécialisée qui a fleuri depuis qu'Hotelling a écrit son mémoire fondateur sur l'épuisement optimal des ressources renouvelables, une grande confusion règne toujours quand il faut établir si la rente de rareté et le prix augmentent ou chutent à proportion que la ressource s'épuise quand les coûts tendent à croître avec l'épuisement. Ce mémoire montre que les résultats fondamentaux obtenus par Hotelling quant aux sentiers de croissance de la rente de rareté et du prix tiennent toujours, et que le sentier de croissance de la rente de rareté converge vers la règle du r-pourcent pourvu que la fonction objective soit concave. Les prédictions de sentiers de croissance non monotone ou de déclin de la rente de rareté présentées dans la littérature spécialisée sont attribuables à des postulats implicites qui engendrent une fonction objective non concave. Les auteurs identifient les sources de ces non-concavités.
We examine the effect of a charitable contribution matching (CCM) program on employee effort. In CCM programs, employers commit to match employees' donations to charity. We expect CCM to activate a norm of other-regarding behavior, inducing employees to increase effort to benefit their employer. Experimental results robustly support our expectation. We find that CCM increases effort under both fixed-wage and performance-based incentive contracts. Further, our results suggest CCM is more effective at eliciting effort than alternative uses of firm capital. Specifically, CCM is more effective at eliciting effort than the firm allocating an equivalent amount of capital to either direct firm charitable giving or increased performance-based pay. Our study suggests that CCM has efficient and robust effort-elicitation benefits that increase its value as a compensation tool incremental to any initial employee selection benefits from CCM and any effort benefits from firms' direct charitable giving.
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