JT03419320Complete document available on OLIS in its original format This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. ECO/WKP(2017)43 Unclassified English -Or. English ECO/WKP(2017)43 2 OECD Working Papers should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its member countries. The opinions expressed and arguments employed are those of the author(s).Working Papers describe preliminary results or research in progress by the author(s) and are published to stimulate discussion on a broad range of issues on which the OECD works.
After nearly fifteen years of transition, the countries of Central Europe have entered the European Union on 1 May 2004. For the four countries that are members of the OECD (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovak Republic), accession follows multiyear efforts of economic stabilisation and structural transformation, which have brought them large benefits. Although convergence towards higher levels of income appears to be a distant prospect at current trend growth rates, this is not a predetermined outcome. The experience of prior entrants suggests that much leeway is available within the framework of the European Union to undertake pro-growth policies. The most promising prospect in this respect appears to reside with employment creation, which has been so far lacking and led to a rather imbalanced pattern of growth. Bringing down labour taxes, easing employment protection legislation and reducing out-of-work benefits would make important contributions in this respect. While ... Renforcer la convergence des revenus en Europe Centrale après les adhesions à l'Union européenne Le 1er mai 2004, après presque quinze années de transition, les pays d’Europe centrale sont entrés dans l’Union européenne. Pour les quatre pays accédants qui sont Membres de l’OCDE (Hongrie, Pologne, République slovaque et République tchèque), l’adhésion couronne plusieurs années d’efforts de stabilisation économique et de transformation structurelle qui leur ont été très profitables. Même si la convergence vers des niveaux de revenu plus élevés semble une perspective lointaine aux taux de croissance actuels, l’issue n’est pas pour autant déterminée d’avance. L’expérience des précédents entrants donne à penser que le cadre de l’Union européenne offre une grande marge d’action pour engager des politiques favorables à la croissance. La voie la plus prometteuse à cet égard semble être la creation d’emplois, qui a été jusqu’ici insuffisante et qui a engendré un profil de croissance assez déséquilibré. L’allégement de la fiscalité du travail, l’assouplissement de la législation sur la ...Poland, Hungary, transition, economic growth, productivity growth, Central Europe, Czech Republic, accession, catching-up, convergence, diffusion of innovation, Slovak Republic, European Union, labour utilisation, République tchèque, Union européenne, convergence, transition, accession, rattrapage, utilisation du travail, diffusion de l'innovation, Hongrie, croissance de la productivité, République slovaque, croissance économique, Pologne
In spite of improvements, on various measures of health outcomes the United States appears to rank relatively poorly among OECD countries. Health expenditures, in contrast, are significantly higher than in any other OECD country. While there are factors beyond the health-care system itself that contribute to this gap in performance, there is also likely to be scope to improve the health of Americans while reducing, or at least not increasing spending. This paper focuses on two factors that contribute to this discrepancy between health outcomes and health expenditures in the United States: inequitable access to medical services and subsidized private insurance policies; and inefficiencies in public health insurance. It then suggests two sets of reforms likely to improve the US health-care system. The first is a package of reforms to achieve close to universal health insurance coverage. The second set of reforms relates to payment methods and coverage decisions within the Medicare programme to realign incentives and increase the extent of economic evaluation of different medical procedures.JEL classification: H51; I12; O57; C23.
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