Primary tracheoesophageal puncture is a safe and efficient approach for voice rehabilitation. However, secondary tracheoesophageal puncture should be preferred where there is a higher risk of pharyngocutaneous fistula.

Background Rhinitis affects up to 40% of the population worldwide and can significantly reduce quality of life. Some patients remain symptomatic despite maximal medical therapy. In refractory cases, posterior nasal neurectomy (PNN—the endoscopic division of the intranasal nerve branches containing postganglionic parasympathetic fibres) is postulated to reduce symptom burden. Objectives of Review To establish whether PNN is effective and safe in the management of allergic and non‐allergic rhinitis. Type of Review Systematic review. Methods A comprehensive literature search was undertaken using PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane. The inclusion criteria were: studies published in English, studies where PNN was performed either with or without additional procedures, and where measures of objective/subjective outcomes and/or complications were reported. Extracted data included study type, sample size, surgical technique, study population characteristics, follow‐up period, outcome measures, complications of surgery, and symptom outcomes. Results A total of 23 articles satisfied the inclusion criteria studying in total 2282 patients. Sample size ranged from 8 to 1056. There were 3 randomised controlled trials, 3 case‐control studies, and the remaining 17 were case series using both objective and subjective outcome measures. All but one study found improved patient‐reported outcomes following PNN. Complications were reported in 14 studies—epistaxis was the most common complication and was observed in 30 patients (1.5% of subjects). Conclusions PNN had a low rate of complications. Although most studies reported significant symptomatic improvement, their heterogeneity, level of evidence, study design, and/or quality was not sufficient to draw any firm conclusions on the effectiveness of the procedure. Larger, well‐designed studies are needed to clarify its role in the management of difficult‐to‐treat rhinitis.

Objectives: Rhinitis affects up to 40% of the population worldwide and can significantly reduce quality of life. Some patients remain symptomatic despite maximal medical therapy. In refractory cases, posterior nasal neurectomy (PNN - the division of the intranasal nerve branches containing postganglionic parasympathetic fibres) is postulated to reduce symptom burden. The objectives of this paper were to review the literature to establish whether the procedure is effective and safe in the management of allergic and non-allergic rhinitis. Design: A systematic review of Pubmed, EMBASE and MEDLINE was undertaken. Studies were excluded if not available in English or undertaken in non-human subjects. Participants: Seventeen articles satisfied the inclusion criteria studying in total 2029 patients. Sample size ranged from 8-1056. Main Outcome Measures: Patient-reported objective and subjective outcomes and post-operative complications were reviewed Results: There were two randomised controlled trials, two case control studies, and the remaining thirteen were case series using both objective and subjective outcome measures. All but one study found improved patient reported outcomes following PNN. Complications were reported in 10 studies - haemorrhage was the most common complication and was observed in 28 patients (1.6% of subjects). Conclusions: Endoscopic posterior nasal neurectomy is safe and appears to be effective in the treatment of intractable rhinitis but the level of the available evidence was generally poor. Larger, well designed studies are needed to clarify its role in the management of difficult-to-treat rhinitis.

Background Ingested foreign bodies are a common presentation to paediatric ENT services. Depending on the site, these are usually managed with flexible or rigid oesophagoscopy and retrieval. This paper presents a novel technique for removing a hollow foreign body that could not be removed using conventional means. Method and results After rigid and flexible approaches failed, a guidewire was passed through the foreign body under fluoroscopic guidance and a dilatation balloon passed through the lumen of the object. Inflating the balloon allowed dilatation of the inflamed mucosa above and below the object, facilitating straightforward removal under traction. Conclusion This is a novel and reproducible technique that uses equipment readily available in tertiary referral centres. Employed in this context, the technique enabled removal of an impacted object surrounded by granulation tissue, and would be appropriate for other objects with a lumen.

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