Gastric emptying after SG is accelerated either for liquids as well as for solids in the majority of patients. These results could be taken in consideration for the dietary indications after surgery and could play a significant role in the definitive results during the late follow-up.

Histological changes in the Auerbach's plexuses of the oesophagus, stomach, jejunum, and colon were analysed in a prospective study in 34 patients with achalasia ofthe oesophagus. At the distal end of the oesophagus ganglia cells were absent in 91% of cases as well as in the middle third of the stomach (20%). The Auerbach's plexuses were normal in the jejunum and colon. The results of gastric acid secretion showed that the peak acid output was significantly lower in achalasia patients compared with controls (p<0-001). There was no correlation between the mean ganglion neuronal count in the gastric plexuses and the rate of gastric acid output (r=0.33). Gastric emptying of solids was also evaluated, but there was no correlation between gastric emptying and the mean ganglion neuronal count in the gastric Auerbach's plexuses. The rate of gastric emptying of solids was similar in controls and patients with achalasia. These studies suggest that denervation of the oesophagus in patients with achalasia, which is a constant finding in several previous reports may extend beyond the oesophagus to the stomach in nearly half the cases.

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Ligneous conjunctivitis is an uncommon and recurrent type of chronic conjunctivitis. A prevalent cause of this disease is a Plasminogen deficiency, resulting from recessive mutations in the human encoding plasminogen (PLG) gene. This deficiency affects the conjunctiva and also other mucous membranes. Only few hundred cases have been reported in the literature. Here we report a case of a 9-year-old boy with diagnosis of ligneous conjunctivitis. Histopathological examination in hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and sequencing of PLG gene were performed to confirm diagnosis. Histopathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of ligneous conjunctivitis. The patient is compound heterozygous for c.1026T>G (p.Val342Gly) and c.2384G>C (p.Arg795Pro) mutations in PLG gene. Both mutations have not been described previously, and the bioinformatic analysis strongly suggests that are causative of the disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of a Chilean patient with ligneous conjunctivitis.

Students of a university hospital were assessed in 2007 and later in 2013 to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS version 17.0.A total of 213 students were evaluated in both 2007 and 2013 (48.3 % women and 51.7 % men). The diagnosis of overweight and obesity increased from 24.9 to 37.1 % (p < 0.05), central obesity from 17.8 to 28.6 % (p < 0.05), and prevalence of metabolic syndrome from 9.8 to 14.5 % (p ≥ 0.05); up to 20 % in male gender. It is important to implement programs for early diagnosis of metabolic syndrome.

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