The clinical evolution of a diabetic patient is linked to its compliance with non-pharmacological measures such as diet, physical activity, acquiring habits, medical controls and also with its pharmacological treatment. In different Latin American countries such as the Republic of Paraguay, there are National Programs to provide free support and treatment to the diabetic population that mostly have vulnerable social conditions. However, the impact of these government policies is not routinely evaluated. In order to establish the achievements of a state diabetes program, the present study was carried out. Methodology: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with an analytical stage. Results: low adherence to non-pharmacological measures such as diet and physical activity was detected. A high percentage of patients were overweight (38%) or obese (46.5%). 75% of the population enrolled in this study did not comply with the program recommendations regarding the time and frequency of physical activities, nor they complied with the minimum 6 daily meals required. Only 37% of the patients had normal levels of glycated hemoglobin and 51.3% of them had pharmacological treatment adherence. Low compliance was observed in relation to regular medical examinations (which were under free coverage by the program) that are transposed in 22% of retinal studies and 60% in 24-hour urine analysis for the early detection of complications such as retinopathy and nephropathy. Conclusion: Despite the economic and logistical efforts carried out by State programs in order to care of people with diabetes mellitus, data showed a low adherence of patients to the proposed pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures. A personalized follow-up strategy is necessary to improve treatment adherence and to obtain better therapeutic results. Keywords: Diabetes, adherence, treatment measures, National Program
Introducción: El grado de conocimiento de los pacientes sobre sus medicamentos está altamente asociado a la mejora de su uso racional y de los resultados de la farmacoterapia. El objetivo fue evaluar el conocimiento y cumplimiento del tratamiento farmacológico en pacientes hipertensos y diabéticos tipo 2 en una unidad de salud de la familia de la ciudad de Luque. Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transverso. La selección se realizó por conveniencia y la información se obtuvo a través de entrevistas, durante las visitas domiciliarias de mayo a junio 2021, utilizando un cuestionario estructurado que incluía datos sociodemográficos, y preguntas de la metodología de Dáder y del test de Morisky-Green modificado. Resultados: De los 50 pacientes entrevistados, el 80 % fueron mujeres, con una edad promedio de 63,04 ± 11,39 años, y con un bajo nivel de estudios. El 100 % eran hipertensos y el 38 % también diabéticos. Los antihipertensivos más prescriptos, ya sea solo o combinados, fueron losartán potásico (50 %), y enalapril maleato (18 %). El 42 % de los diabéticos utilizaban antidiabéticos orales y el 58 % insulina. El 100 % de los pacientes desconoce su tratamiento, y el cumplimiento no superó el 22 %, para ambas patologías. Conclusiones: Los pacientes no son conocedores adecuados de su tratamiento, y el cumplimiento es muy bajo, por lo que es necesaria la intervención del farmacéutico y la implementación de estrategias educativas que puedan ayudar a mejorar el grado de conocimiento y la adherencia a su tratamiento.
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