Rabbits are very sensitive to heat stress because they have difficulty eliminating excess body heat. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of heat stress on slaughter weight, dressing percentage and carcass and meat quality traits of rabbits from two genetic groups. Ninety-six weaned rabbits were used: half were from the Botucatu genetic group and half were crossbreds between New Zealand White sires and Botucatu does. They were assigned to a completely randomized design in a 2 3 3 factorial arrangement (two genetic groups and three ambient temperatures: 188C, 258C and 308C) and kept under controlled conditions in three environmental chambers from 5 to 10 weeks of age. Slaughter took place at 10 weeks, on 2 consecutive days. Meat quality measurements were made in the longissimus muscle. Actual average ambient temperature and relative humidity in the three chambers were 18.48C and 63.9%, 24.48C and 80.2% and 29.68C and 75.9%, respectively. Purebred rabbits were heavier at slaughter and had heavier commercial and reference carcasses than crossbreds at 308C; however, no differences between genetic groups for these traits were found at lower temperatures. No genetic group 3 ambient temperature interaction was detected for any other carcass or meat quality traits. The percentages of distal parts of legs, skin and carcass forepart were higher in crossbred rabbits, indicating a lower degree of maturity at slaughter in this group. The percentage of thoracic viscera was higher in the purebreds. Lightness of the longissimus muscle was higher in the purebreds, whereas redness was higher in the crossbreds. Slaughter, commercial and reference carcass weights and the percentages of thoracic viscera, liver and kidneys were negatively related with ambient temperature. Commercial and reference carcass yields, and the percentage of distal parts of legs, on the other hand, had a positive linear relationship with ambient temperature. Meat redness and yellowness diminished as ambient temperature increased, whereas cooking loss was linearly elevated with ambient temperature. Meat color traits revealed paler meat in the purebreds, but no differences in instrumental texture properties and water-holding capacity between genetic groups. Purebred rabbits were less susceptible to heat stress than the crossbreds. Heat stress resulted in lower slaughter and carcass weights and proportional reductions of organ weights, which contributed to a higher carcass yield. Moreover, it exerted a small, but negative, effect on meat quality traits.

pesquisa avalia o consumo de álcool entre 591 estudantes do ensino médio. Utilizou-se como instrumento de coleta dos dados dois testes: o Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-AUDIT e o Quantidade e Freqüência de uso de álcool no último mês, e também levantou-se o consumo de álcool entre os familiares. Resultados mostram que 22,3% dos estudantes pontuaram 8 ou mais no AUDIT, mostrando que fazem uso de risco para bebidas alcoólicas. O consumo é mais freqüente entre adolescentes do sexo masculino, que freqüentam as aulas no período noturno e não pertencem a nenhuma religião e, ainda, possuindo algum familiar que bebe excessivamente. Palavras-chave: Alcoolismo, Adolescente, Educação Primária e Secundária. PADRÓN DE CONSUMO DE ALCOHOL ENTRE ESTUDIANTES DE LA ENSEÑAZA MEDIA EN UNA CIUDAD DEL ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO Resumen Esta investigación evalúa el consumo de alcohol entre 591 estudiantes de la Enseñanza Media, fue empleado dos instrumentos de colecta de datos: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-AUDIT y Quantidade e Freqüência de uso de álcool no último mês, además, observamos el consumo de alcohol entre los miembros familiares. Resultados demuestran que 22,3% de los estudiantes puntuaran 8 o más en el AUDIT, señalando el uso de risco de bebidas alcohólicas. El consumo es más frecuente entre adolescentes del sexo masculino, que frecuentan las clases de cursos nocturnos, que no pertenecen a ninguna religión y que poseen algún familiar que bebe en demasía. Palabras clave: Alcoolismo, Adolescente, Educación Primária y Secundaria.

No abstract

RESUMO.-[Resposta fisiológica de girinos de rã-touro americana submetidos aos mecanismos estressores de captura e hipóxia.] A rã-touro americana (Rana catesbeiana) recentemente denominada Lithobates catesbeianus é criada com propósito comercial em várias regiões do Brasil. Situações estressantes tais como problemas de manejo, criação inadequada e alterações ambientais com consequente redução da imunidade são comuns em produções intensivas. A avaliação destas situações de estresse permitenos detectar estes probemas e diminuir as injurias causadas pelo confinamento. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi utilizar os marcadores biológicos de cortisol, glicemia e dados hematológicos para avaliar a resposta de girinos de rã-touro submetidos aos mecanismos estressores de captura e hipóxia. Os animais foram distribuídosem três tratamentos: estresse por captura individual com puçá; estresse por captura em massa com puçá e estresse por captura por escoamento. Os resultados obtidos demostraram não haver diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os parametros avaliados quando comparou-se os grupos com e sem exposição ao ar (normoxia e hipoxia). Com base nes- Stressful situations such as problems of management, inadequate facilities and environmental changes with consequent reduction of immunity are common in intensive production. The assessments of these situations of stress allow us detect these problems decreasing the injuries causes by confinement. The main objective of this study was to use the biological markers of plasma cortisol and glucose level and hematological parameters to evaluate the response of bullfrog tadpoles submitted to stressed mechanisms of capture and hypoxia. The animals were subjected to three treatments: stress due to individual capture with a hand net; stress due to batch capture with a hand net; and stress due to capture by emptying. The results obtained demonstrated that there were no statistically significant differences in the parameters tested when comparing the treatments with and without exposure to air (normoxia and hypoxia). Based on these results we can conclude that the stressful stimuli tested were not adequate to alter the biomarker tested. For the cortisol, probably this should have occurred due to the synergistic action between this hormone and thyroxin, which induces metamorphosis in these animals. tes resultados pode-se concluir que os estímulos estressores avaliados não foram adequados para alterar os valores plasmáticos dos marcadores biológicos testados. Para o cortisol, isto ocorreu provavelmente em virtude da ação sinérgica deste hormônio e a tiroxina, que induz a metamorfose nestes animais.