In the late 1980s, following decades of authoritarianism and political violence, Latin America experienced a wave of transitions to democratic rule and social peace. Indigenous groups were prominent among the social sectors taking advantage of new spaces for political expression and dissent. By 1992, on the 500-year anniversary of the European conquest, indigenous organizations across the Americas had mobilized to demand the basic human and civil rights that their peoples have been denied for centuries. Striving to fulfil liberal-democratic ideals, reformoriented governments in Latin America responded to indigenous protests with a variety of initiatives to grant constitutional recognition, improve the quality of citizenship, create opportunities for self-determination, and increase local control over land and natural resources. These reforms have created new opportunities for indigenous peoples, but have also exposed contradictory agendas and sharpened conflicts in many places, including southern Chile, ancestral home of the Mapuche Indians who are the focus of this study.
A partir de los datos obtenidos del estudio Global Entrepreneurship Monitor durante ocho ciclos de medición, este trabajo construye un perfil de los empresarios colombianos considerando la perspectiva de la tubería empresarial desarrollada por Varela y Soler (2012), de 2006 a 2011. Esta investigación determina el perfil de los empresarios en cuatro puntos de la tubería empresarial: (1) empresarios con intención, (2) empresarios nacientes, (3) empresarios nuevos y (4) empresarios establecidos. El género, la edad, el nivel de ingresos y el nivel de estudio permitieron una comparación longitudinal para identificar rasgos prevalecientes. Se examinó la relación entre estas cuatro variables y los cuatro tipos de empresarios de la tubería, a fin de evaluar a qué nivel un elemento explica al otro
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