Seven commercially available sunscreens were compared by three different methods. Absorbance spectra were measured for each product in isopropanol solution and also on hairless mouse epidermis. In uiuo tests were performed on human volunteers using a Xe arc solar simulator. Sun Protection Factors (SPF) were calculated by each method for each product tested and the results compared. By all methods used, the combination of 7% octyl dimethyl para-aminobenzoic acid and 3% oxybenzone provided the most protection from U.V. light. While estimates of the effectiveness of all products were much too high when calculated by the isopropanol solution method, the hairless mouse epidermis technique seems to be an accurate tool for predicting product efficacy in uiuo.
No one would underestimate the importance of sunlight to the evolution of life on the earth and its role in human development. However, all humans - especially individuals who are lightly pigmented or whose occupation or lifestyle exposes them to excessive amounts of sunlight - are potentially susceptible to its deleterious effects. These effects can range from acute biological responses, such as sunburn and skin tanning, to conditions resulting from chronic exposure such as photoaged skin and potentially life-threatening conditions such as skin cancer. The objective of this review is to present a concise and up-to-date perspective on the effects of UVB, UVA, visible, and infrared radiation on cutaneous biochemistry and physiology.
Abstract— The action spectrum for superoxide production from aerated aqueous solutions of pheomela‐nin was determined by utilizing the nitroblue tetrazolium‐superoxide dismutase assay for superoxide. Superoxide production was greatest in the UVC regions, but continued well into the visible wavelengths. The marked increase in superoxide production noted in the UVC‐UVB regions of the spectrum suggests that superoxide production may be involved in a number of actinic disorders in fair‐skinned humans.
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